Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Vet Res Commun. 2024 Dec;48(6):3699-3709. doi: 10.1007/s11259-024-10528-4. Epub 2024 Sep 3.
Skin infections are common complications in both humans and animals. Because of the increased incidence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) skin infections, essential oils have been suggested as potential alternatives to the classic antimicrobials. The goal of this study was to evaluate the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MIC and MBC/MFC) of commercially available products containing essential oils, zinc gluconate, or 4% chlorhexidine. Microbroth dilution technique was performed on clinical isolates of MDR Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MDR-SP; n = 10), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA; n = 10), and Malassezia pachydermatis (MP; n = 10). For MDR-SP, essential oil-containing products showed median MICs of 1:240 and 1:320. The chlorhexidine shampoo had a MIC of 1:128,000 (0.312 µg/mL), whereas zinc gluconate products had median MICs of 1:320 and 1:160. Three essential oil-containing shampoos (MBC 1:40), the zinc gluconate (MBC 1:40), and the chlorhexidine (MBC 1:64,000 [0.625 µg/mL]) reached an MBC. For PA, essential oil-containing products showed median MICs of 1:30 and 1:80. The zinc-gluconate products had a median MIC of 1:160, whereas the chlorhexidine shampoo had a median MIC of 1:4,000 (10 µg/mL). Only the zinc-gluconate products (MBC 1:80) and the chlorhexidine shampoo (MBC 1:2,000 [20 µg/mL]) reached an MBC. For MP, essential oil-containing and zinc-gluconate products showed lower median MICs (1:4,800 and 7,200) for shampoos compared with other formulations (1:160 and 1:320), whereas the chlorhexidine shampoo had a median MIC of 1:80,000 (0.5 µg/mL). These results suggest that natural topical compounds can be an effective alternative to treat skin infections in companion animals. Further in vivo studies are needed to clinically confirm this study's results.
皮肤感染是人类和动物中常见的并发症。由于多药耐药（MDR）皮肤感染的发病率增加，因此人们认为精油是经典抗菌药物的潜在替代品。本研究的目的是评估市售含有精油、葡萄糖酸锌或 4%洗必泰的产品的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和杀菌/抑菌浓度（MBC/MFC）。采用微量肉汤稀释法对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MDR-SP；n=10）、铜绿假单胞菌（PA；n=10）和马拉色菌（MP；n=10）的临床分离株进行检测。对于 MDR-SP，含精油的产品的 MIC 值中位数为 1:240 和 1:320。洗必泰香波的 MIC 为 1:128,000（0.312 µg/mL），而葡萄糖酸锌产品的 MIC 值中位数为 1:320 和 1:160。三种含精油的香波（MBC 1:40）、葡萄糖酸锌（MBC 1:40）和洗必泰（MBC 1:64,000 [0.625 µg/mL]）达到 MBC。对于 PA，含精油的产品的 MIC 值中位数为 1:30 和 1:80。葡萄糖酸锌产品的 MIC 值中位数为 1:160，而洗必泰香波的 MIC 值中位数为 1:4,000（10 µg/mL）。只有葡萄糖酸锌产品（MBC 1:80）和洗必泰香波（MBC 1:2,000 [20 µg/mL]）达到 MBC。对于 MP，含精油和葡萄糖酸锌的香波的 MIC 值中位数（1:4,800 和 7,200）低于其他制剂（1:160 和 1:320），而洗必泰香波的 MIC 值中位数为 1:80,000（0.5 µg/mL）。这些结果表明，天然局部化合物可以成为治疗伴侣动物皮肤感染的有效替代品。需要进一步的体内研究来临床证实本研究的结果。
