School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2024 Sep 3;18(9):e0012466. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012466. eCollection 2024 Sep.
Schistosomiasis is a global public health issue. In China, while the seroprevalence of Schistosomiasis japonica has currently reduced to a relatively low level, risk of infection still exists in certain areas. However, there has been a lack of comprehensive research on the long-term trends of national seroprevalence, changes across age groups, and characteristics in spatial distribution, which is crucial for effectively targeting interventions and achieving the goal of eliminating schistosomiasis by 2030. Our study aimed to address this gap by analyzing the long-term trends of Schistosomiasis japonica seroprevalence in China from 1982 to 2020 based on the data from diverse sources spanning a period of 39 years.
Seroprevalence data were collected from literature databases and national schistosomiasis surveillance system. Meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence. Joinpoint model was used to identify changing trend and inflection point. Inverse distance weighted interpolation was used to determine the spatial distribution of seroprevalence.
The seroprevalence decreased from 34.8% in 1982 to 2.4% in 2020 in China. Before 2006, the seroprevalence was higher in the middle age group, and a pattern of increasing with age was observed afterwards. The areas with high seroprevalence existed in Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, Jianghan Plain, the Anhui branch of the Yangtze River and some localized mountainous regions in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: There was a significant decline in the seroprevalence of Schistosomiasis japonica from 1982 to 2020 in China. Nevertheless, schistosomiasis has not been eradicated; thus, implementing precise and personalized monitoring measures is crucial for the elimination of schistosomiasis, especially in endemic areas and with a particular focus on the elderly.
血吸虫病是一个全球性的公共卫生问题。在中国，虽然日本血吸虫病的血清阳性率已降至相对较低水平，但在某些地区仍存在感染风险。然而，对于全国血清阳性率的长期趋势、各年龄组的变化以及空间分布特征，缺乏全面的研究，这对于有效针对干预措施和实现到 2030 年消除血吸虫病的目标至关重要。我们的研究旨在通过分析 1982 年至 2020 年中国日本血吸虫病血清阳性率的长期趋势来填补这一空白，研究数据来自跨越 39 年的多个来源。
血清阳性率数据来自文献数据库和全国血吸虫病监测系统。采用 Meta 分析估计血清阳性率。采用 Joinpoint 模型确定变化趋势和拐点。采用倒数距离加权插值法确定血清阳性率的空间分布。
中国的血清阳性率从 1982 年的 34.8%下降到 2020 年的 2.4%。2006 年之前，中年组的血清阳性率较高，此后呈年龄递增趋势。高血清阳性率的地区包括洞庭湖、鄱阳湖、江汉平原、长江安徽段和四川、云南部分山区。
结论/意义：从 1982 年到 2020 年，中国日本血吸虫病的血清阳性率显著下降。然而，血吸虫病尚未被消除；因此，实施精确和个性化的监测措施对于消除血吸虫病至关重要，特别是在流行地区，特别是要关注老年人。
