Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA; Department of Psychology, College of Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2024 Oct 1;263:112422. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112422. Epub 2024 Sep 2.
Tobacco product design features, including flavors and cigarette filter ventilation, are subject to regulation. This study examined the effects of cigarette and e-cigarette flavors on demand and substitution by preferred cigarette flavor and ventilation in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace (ETM).
In a mixed between-group (usual cigarette flavor and ventilation)/within-subject design (policy conditions), individuals who use tobacco (n=176 cigarette (60.5 % female); n=91 multiple products (26.7 % female)) were recruited using Ipsos and InnovateMR, completed purchasing trials with increasing cigarette prices in the ETM. Participants were exposed to four conditions in a 2×2 factorial design with cigarette flavors restricted or unrestricted and e-cigarette flavors restricted or unrestricted.
In individuals who exclusively smoke cigarettes: 1) Cigarette menthol restrictions decreased willingness to purchase cigarettes (OR: 0.001; 95 % CI: 0.00002, 0.015) for individuals that prefer menthol cigarettes and increased willingness to purchase NRT (OR: 4.02; 95 % CI: 1.47, 11.0), 2) cigarette menthol restrictions reduced demand for cigarettes in individuals who smoke menthol cigarettes (p<0.001), 3) e-cigarette flavor restrictions reduced the degree of e-cigarette substitution in individuals who smoke menthol cigarettes (p=0.028), and 4) preference for higher cigarette filter ventilation was associated with higher demand for cigarettes (p=0.003) and lowered substitution of smokeless tobacco products (p=0.028). In individuals who use multiple tobacco products, restrictions did not impact product purchasing.
Strategies to reduce flavored product sales and increase cessation resource accessibility may improve population health by reducing smoking and increasing NRT use in individuals who use menthol cigarettes.
烟草产品设计特点，包括口味和香烟过滤嘴通风，受到监管。本研究通过实验烟草市场（ETM）检查了香烟和电子烟口味对需求的影响，以及通过首选香烟口味和通风来替代的影响。
在混合分组（普通香烟口味和通风）/个体内设计（政策条件）中，使用 Ipsos 和 InnovateMR 招募使用烟草的个体（n=176 支香烟（60.5%为女性）；n=91 种多种产品（26.7%为女性）），在 ETM 中完成了随着香烟价格上涨的购买试验。参与者在香烟口味受限或不限和电子烟口味受限或不限的 2×2 因子设计中接受了四种条件。
在仅吸烟的个体中：1）香烟薄荷醇限制降低了对香烟的购买意愿（OR：0.001；95%CI：0.00002，0.015），偏好薄荷醇香烟的个体增加了对 NRT 的购买意愿（OR：4.02；95%CI：1.47，11.0），2）香烟薄荷醇限制降低了吸薄荷醇香烟个体对香烟的需求（p<0.001），3）电子烟口味限制降低了吸薄荷醇香烟个体对电子烟的替代程度（p=0.028），4）对更高香烟过滤嘴通风的偏好与更高的香烟需求（p=0.003）和降低无烟烟草产品的替代（p=0.028）相关。在使用多种烟草产品的个体中，限制没有影响产品购买。
减少调味产品销售和增加戒烟资源可及性的策略可能通过减少薄荷醇香烟使用者的吸烟量和增加 NRT 使用来改善人群健康。
