Gao Yulin, Alyokhin Andrei, Prager Sean M, Reitz Stuart, Huseth Anders
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China; email:
School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA; email:
Annu Rev Entomol. 2025 Jan;70(1):45-63. doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120523-023156. Epub 2024 Dec 19.
Integrated pest management (IPM) is an educated and systematic effort to use multiple control techniques to reduce pest damage to economically acceptable levels while minimizing negative environmental impacts. Although its benefits are widely acknowledged, IPM is not universally practiced by farmers. Potato farming, which produces one of the most important staple crops in the world, provides a good illustration of the issues surrounding IPM adoption. Potatoes are attacked by a complex of insect pests that can inflict catastrophic crop losses. Potato production has gone through the processes of consolidation and intensification, which are linked to increased pest problems, particularly selection for insecticide-resistant pest populations. While use of insecticides remains the most common method of pest control in potatoes, other techniques, including crop rotation and natural enemies, are also available. In addition, there are effective monitoring techniques for many potato pests. However, reliable economic thresholds are often lacking. Potato ecosystems are complex and diverse; therefore, the knowledge necessary for developing ecologically based pest management is not easily obtained or transferable. Furthermore, potato systems change with the arrival of new pest species and the evolution of existing pests. Modern technological advances, such as remote sensing and molecular biotechnology, are likely to improve potato IPM. However, these tools are not going to solve all problems. IPM is not just about integrating different techniques; it is also about integrating the efforts and concerns of all stakeholders. The collaboration of farmers and scientists in agricultural research is needed to foster the development of IPM systems that are appropriate for grower implementation and thus more likely to be adopted. Additional emphasis also needs to be placed on the fact that not only does IPM decrease degradation of the environment, but it also improves the economic well-being of its practitioners.
综合虫害管理（IPM）是一项基于专业知识的系统性工作，旨在运用多种防治技术，将虫害造成的损失降低到经济可承受水平，同时尽量减少对环境的负面影响。尽管其益处已得到广泛认可，但农民并非普遍采用IPM。马铃薯种植作为世界上最重要的主粮作物之一，很好地说明了围绕IPM采用的相关问题。马铃薯受到多种害虫的侵袭，这些害虫可能导致作物遭受灾难性损失。马铃薯生产经历了整合和集约化过程，这与虫害问题的增加有关，特别是对杀虫剂具有抗性的害虫种群的选择。虽然使用杀虫剂仍然是马铃薯害虫防治最常用的方法，但其他技术，包括轮作和利用天敌，也可供选择。此外，对于许多马铃薯害虫有有效的监测技术。然而，往往缺乏可靠的经济阈值。马铃薯生态系统复杂多样；因此，开发基于生态的虫害管理所需的知识不易获得或转移。此外，随着新害虫种类的出现和现有害虫的进化，马铃薯种植系统也在发生变化。现代技术进步，如遥感和分子生物技术，可能会改善马铃薯IPM。然而，这些工具并不能解决所有问题。IPM不仅关乎整合不同技术，还关乎整合所有利益相关者的努力和关切。需要农民和科学家在农业研究中开展合作，以促进开发适合种植者实施并因此更有可能被采用的IPM系统。还需要额外强调的是，IPM不仅能减少环境退化，还能改善从业者的经济福祉。
