Faculty of Agronomy, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Soest, Germany.
Pest Manag Sci. 2024 May;80(5):2353-2361. doi: 10.1002/ps.7647. Epub 2023 Jul 24.
Integrated pest management (IPM) uses thresholds to minimize pesticide use, and field monitoring of damaging organisms is an important component to evaluate whether or not thresholds have been breached. However, monitoring requires time and knowledge which impacts costs and benefits. In this study, we evaluated the effects of using insect pest thresholds on time effort, frequency of insecticide treatment and economics in comparison with common farm practices (business as usual) in winter wheat (WW), winter barley (WB) and winter oilseed rape (OSR). This study was done over 2 years (2018 to 2020) on 24 conventionally managed farms in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany).
Farmers spent significantly more time (42 min ha/season) monitoring insect pests in OSR than in WW (16 min ha/season) and WB (19 min ha/season). The use of insecticides in OSR was significantly reduced by 42% in comparison to business as usual. In cereal crops, the use of insecticide treatment was reduced by 50% but this was not significantly different to business as usual. Yields were not significantly reduced when crops were managed in accordance with IPM, and negative differences were small and not significant. However, economically, the costs of monitoring can only be recovered when labor costs and commodity prices are low and insecticide cost is high.
Insect pest thresholds can help link the policy and environmental goals of insecticide reduction and the agronomic goal of production security. In the future, the time and cost required for monitoring should be reduced through intelligent solutions and tools, increasing the economic viability of monitoring and IPM. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
综合虫害管理（IPM）使用阈值来最小化农药使用量，田间监测有害生物是评估是否突破阈值的重要组成部分。然而，监测需要时间和知识，这会影响成本和收益。本研究评估了在冬小麦（WW）、冬大麦（WB）和冬油菜（OSR）中使用虫害阈值与常规做法（照常营业）相比，对时间投入、杀虫剂处理频率和经济的影响。本研究在北莱茵-威斯特法伦州（德国）的 24 个常规管理农场进行了 2 年（2018 年至 2020 年）。
农民在 OSR 中监测虫害的时间明显多于 WW（16 分钟/公顷/季）和 WB（19 分钟/公顷/季），分别为 42 分钟/公顷/季。与照常营业相比，OSR 中杀虫剂的使用量减少了 42%。在谷物作物中，杀虫剂处理的使用减少了 50%，但与照常营业相比并无显著差异。当作物按照 IPM 管理时，产量没有显著降低，而且负差异较小且不显著。然而，从经济角度来看，只有当劳动力成本和商品价格低且杀虫剂成本高时，监测成本才能收回。
虫害阈值可以帮助将减少杀虫剂和生产安全的农业目标与虫害防治的政策和环境目标联系起来。未来，应通过智能解决方案和工具来减少监测所需的时间和成本，从而提高监测和 IPM 的经济可行性。© 2023 作者。害虫管理科学由 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 代表化学工业协会出版。
