Staiano Walter, Díaz-García Jesús, García-Calvo Tomás, Ring Christopher
Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Valencia, Spain; Department of Psychology, Biological and Cognitive Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/WalterStaiano.
Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Spain. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/DiazGarciaJesus.
J Sci Med Sport. 2025 Jan;28(1):69-76. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.08.203. Epub 2024 Aug 22.
Brain Endurance Training (BET) - the addition of mentally fatiguing cognitive tasks to standard physical training - could improve performance in soccer. We tested whether BET, with cognitive tasks intermixed with physical training activities, improved players' cognitive and soccer-specific technical performance compared to physical training alone when fresh and fatigued.
The study employed a pre/training/midtest/training/posttest design.
31 professional male soccer players were randomly assigned to BET or control groups and completed 18 physical training sessions over 6 weeks. In between the physical training activities, the BET group completed demanding cognitive tasks, whereas the control group rested. Players completed the Loughborough soccer passing (LSPT) and shooting test (LSST) before and after completing a 30-min Stroop task. A brief psychomotor vigilance test (PVT-B), a visual analog rating of mental fatigue (MF-VAS), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured during testing and training.
During testing, the 30-min Stroop task elicited a state of MF, confirmed by higher subjective ratings (P < .01). Compared to pre-testing, at mid- and post-testing, the BET group improved passing (all P < .01), shooting (all P < .01), and PVT-B performance (all P < .01) when tested after (fatigued) but not before (fresh) the Stroop task, whereas the control group did not change performance either way. During training the BET group reported higher MF (P < .01) and exhibited slower PVT-B responses (P < .01) compared to control.
Intermixed BET was more effective than physical training alone at improving cognitive and soccer-specific technical performance of professional soccer players when fatigued.
大脑耐力训练（BET）——在标准体能训练中增加精神疲劳性认知任务——可能会提高足球运动表现。我们测试了将认知任务与体能训练活动相结合的BET，与单纯体能训练相比，在球员精力充沛和疲劳状态下，是否能改善他们的认知能力和足球专项技术表现。
本研究采用前测/训练/中期测试/训练/后测设计。
31名职业男性足球运动员被随机分配到BET组或对照组，并在6周内完成18次体能训练课程。在体能训练活动之间，BET组完成高要求的认知任务，而对照组休息。球员在完成30分钟的斯特鲁普任务前后，完成拉夫堡足球传球（LSPT）和射门测试（LSST）。在测试和训练期间，测量简短精神运动警觉性测试（PVT-B）、精神疲劳视觉模拟评分（MF-VAS）和主观用力程度评分（RPE）。
在测试期间，30分钟的斯特鲁普任务引发了精神疲劳状态，更高的主观评分证实了这一点（P <.01）。与测试前相比，在中期和后期测试中，BET组在斯特鲁普任务后（疲劳状态）而非之前（精力充沛状态）进行测试时，传球（所有P <.01）、射门（所有P <.01）和PVT-B表现（所有P <.01）均有所改善，而对照组在两种状态下表现均未改变。在训练期间，与对照组相比，BET组报告的精神疲劳程度更高（P <.01），且PVT-B反应更慢（P <.01）。
混合式BET在提高职业足球运动员疲劳时的认知能力和足球专项技术表现方面比单纯体能训练更有效。
