1Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, AUSTRALIA; 2Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, BELGIUM; and 3Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent at Medway, UNITED KINGDOM.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016 Feb;48(2):267-76. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000762.
To investigate the effects of mental fatigue on soccer-specific physical and technical performance.
This investigation consisted of two separate studies. Study 1 assessed the soccer-specific physical performance of 12 moderately trained soccer players using the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test, Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1). Study 2 assessed the soccer-specific technical performance of 14 experienced soccer players using the Loughborough Soccer Passing and Shooting Tests (LSPT, LSST). Each test was performed on two occasions and preceded, in a randomized, counterbalanced order, by 30 min of the Stroop task (mentally fatiguing treatment) or 30 min of reading magazines (control treatment). Subjective ratings of mental fatigue were measured before and after treatment, and mental effort and motivation were measured after treatment. Distance run, heart rate, and ratings of perceived exertion were recorded during the Yo-Yo IR1. LSPT performance time was calculated as original time plus penalty time. LSST performance was assessed using shot speed, shot accuracy, and shot sequence time.
Subjective ratings of mental fatigue and effort were higher after the Stroop task in both studies (P < 0.001), whereas motivation was similar between conditions. This mental fatigue significantly reduced running distance in the Yo-Yo IR1 (P < 0.001). No difference in heart rate existed between conditions, whereas ratings of perceived exertion were significantly higher at iso-time in the mental fatigue condition (P < 0.01). LSPT original time and performance time were not different between conditions; however, penalty time significantly increased in the mental fatigue condition (P = 0.015). Mental fatigue also impaired shot speed (P = 0.024) and accuracy (P < 0.01), whereas shot sequence time was similar between conditions.
Mental fatigue impairs soccer-specific running, passing, and shooting performance.
研究心理疲劳对足球专项体能和技术表现的影响。
本研究包括两项独立研究。研究 1 使用 Yo-Yo 间歇性恢复测试 1 级（Yo-Yo IR1）评估 12 名中等水平足球运动员的足球专项体能。研究 2 使用拉夫堡足球传球和射门测试（LSPT、LSST）评估 14 名有经验的足球运动员的足球专项技术表现。每项测试均进行两次，在随机、平衡的顺序下，先进行 30 分钟的斯特鲁普任务（心理疲劳处理）或 30 分钟的阅读杂志（对照处理）。在处理前后测量主观心理疲劳评分，在处理后测量心理努力和动机。在 Yo-Yo IR1 期间记录跑步距离、心率和感知用力评分。LSPT 成绩时间计算为原始时间加罚时。LSST 表现通过射门速度、射门准确性和射门序列时间进行评估。
在两项研究中，斯特鲁普任务后主观心理疲劳和努力评分均升高（P < 0.001），而动机在两种情况下相似。这种心理疲劳显著降低了 Yo-Yo IR1 中的跑步距离（P < 0.001）。两种情况下的心率无差异，而在心理疲劳条件下，相同时间的感知用力评分显著更高（P < 0.01）。LSPT 原始时间和表现时间在两种情况下无差异；然而，心理疲劳条件下的罚时显著增加（P = 0.015）。心理疲劳还损害了射门速度（P = 0.024）和准确性（P < 0.01），而射门序列时间在两种情况下相似。
心理疲劳会损害足球专项跑动、传球和射门表现。
