Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Spain.
Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Spain. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/tgarciacalvo.
J Sci Med Sport. 2023 Jul;26(7):386-393. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.06.002. Epub 2023 Jun 12.
Evidence that mental fatigue impairs sport performance has created a demand for countermeasures. We examined the effects of brain endurance training, a form of fatigue-inoculation, on shot performance in grassroots padel players.
A pre-, mid- and post-test design, with participants randomized to brain endurance training (n = 30) or control (n = 31) groups.
During testing, participants completed a Padel Stroke Performance Test, before and after a demanding 30-min cognitive task (Stroop). Training comprised 3 sessions/week for 6 weeks. In each training session, participants completed 10-min warm-up, 15-min technical drills, 15-min tactical drills, and 20-min simulated games. These physical activities were intermixed with short 4-min periods of Stroop (brain endurance training group) or rest (control group) totaling 20-min. Performance was measured by shot speed and accuracy of padel strokes. Mental fatigue indices were measured before and after the Stroop task using a visual analog scale rating, a psychomotor vigilance task, and a go/no-go task.
During testing, the 30-min Stroop task elicited a state of mental fatigue, confirmed by higher subjective ratings, slower responses during the psychomotor vigilance task, and slower saccade latencies during the go/no go task. Compared to pre-testing, in mid- and post-testing, the brain endurance training group hit progressively faster and more accurate padel shots after the Stroop task compared to controls.
Brain endurance training enhanced skill-based psychomotor performance when fatigued compared to standard padel training. Brain endurance training is a countermeasure that promotes mental fatigue durability.
有证据表明精神疲劳会损害运动表现，这就产生了对对策的需求。我们研究了脑耐力训练（一种疲劳接种形式）对基层壁球运动员击球表现的影响。
采用前测、中测和后测设计，参与者随机分为脑耐力训练组（n=30）和对照组（n=31）。
在测试过程中，参与者在完成一项要求很高的 30 分钟认知任务（Stroop）之前和之后，完成了壁球击球表现测试。训练包括每周 3 次，每次 6 周。在每次训练中，参与者完成 10 分钟热身，15 分钟技术训练，15 分钟战术训练，以及 20 分钟模拟比赛。这些身体活动与短的 4 分钟 Stroop 交替（脑耐力训练组）或休息（对照组），总时长为 20 分钟。通过击球速度和壁球击球的准确性来衡量表现。使用视觉模拟量表评分、精神运动警觉任务和 Go/No-Go 任务来测量心理疲劳指数，在 Stroop 任务前后进行测量。
在测试过程中，30 分钟的 Stroop 任务引起了精神疲劳状态，这一点从主观评分较高、精神运动警觉任务中反应较慢以及 Go/No-Go 任务中的眼跳潜伏期较慢得到了证实。与前测相比，在中测和后测中，与对照组相比，脑耐力训练组在完成 Stroop 任务后，击球速度更快，准确性更高。
与标准壁球训练相比，脑耐力训练在疲劳时增强了基于技能的运动表现。脑耐力训练是一种提高心理疲劳耐久性的对策。
