ChongQing College of Architecture and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China.
The Center of Evidence Identification of Chongqing Police Bereau, Chongqing, 400021, China.
Parasitol Res. 2024 Sep 4;123(9):315. doi: 10.1007/s00436-024-08338-3.
Mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue fever, and the Zika virus, pose significant global health challenges, affecting millions annually. Due to increasing insecticide resistance, there is a growing interest in natural alternatives for mosquito control. Lemongrass essential oil, derived from Cymbopogon citratus, has shown promising repellent and larvicidal properties against various mosquito species. In this study, we investigated the larvicidal effect of lemongrass oil and its major compounds on Anopheles sinensis, the primary malaria vector in China. GC-MS analysis identified the major compounds of lemongrass oil as ( +)-citronellal (35.60%), geraniol (21.84%), and citronellol (13.88%). Lemongrass oil showed larvicidal activity against An. sinensis larvae, with an LC value of 119.20 ± 3.81 mg/L. Among the major components, citronellol had the lowest LC value of 42.76 ± 3.18 mg/L. Moreover, citronellol demonstrated inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in An. sinensis larvae, assessed by homogenizing larvae at different time points following treatment. Molecular docking studies further elucidated the interaction between citronellol and AChE, revealing the formation of hydrogen bonds and Pi-Sigma bonds. Aromatic amino acid residues such as Tyr71, Trp83, Tyr370, and Tyr374 played a pivotal role in these interactions. These findings may contribute to understanding lemongrass oil's larvicidal activity against An. sinensis and the mechanisms underlying these effects.
蚊媒疾病，如疟疾、登革热和寨卡病毒，对全球健康构成重大挑战，每年影响数百万人。由于昆虫抗药性的增加，人们对天然替代品控制蚊子的兴趣日益增加。柠檬草精油，从柠檬草（Cymbopogon citratus）中提取，对各种蚊子表现出有希望的驱避和杀幼虫作用。在这项研究中，我们调查了柠檬草油及其主要化合物对中国主要疟疾传播媒介中华按蚊的杀幼虫作用。GC-MS 分析确定了柠檬草油的主要化合物为（+）-香茅醛（35.60%）、香叶醇（21.84%）和香茅醇（13.88%）。柠檬草油对中华按蚊幼虫表现出杀幼虫活性，LC 值为 119.20 ± 3.81 mg/L。在主要成分中，香茅醇的 LC 值最低，为 42.76 ± 3.18 mg/L。此外，香茅醇对乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性表现出抑制作用，通过在处理后不同时间点对幼虫进行匀浆来评估。分子对接研究进一步阐明了香茅醇与 AChE 之间的相互作用，揭示了氢键和 Pi-Sigma 键的形成。芳香族氨基酸残基，如 Tyr71、Trp83、Tyr370 和 Tyr374，在这些相互作用中发挥了关键作用。这些发现可能有助于理解柠檬草油对中华按蚊的杀幼虫活性以及这些作用的机制。
