Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, China.
NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, China.
Cell Commun Signal. 2024 Sep 3;22(1):430. doi: 10.1186/s12964-024-01787-4.
Biomolecular condensates formed by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) have become an extensive mechanism of macromolecular metabolism and biochemical reactions in cells. Large molecules like proteins and nucleic acids will spontaneously aggregate and assemble into droplet-like structures driven by LLPS when the physical and chemical properties of cells are altered. LLPS provides a mature molecular platform for innate immune response, which tightly regulates key signaling in liver immune response spatially and physically, including DNA and RNA sensing pathways, inflammasome activation, and autophagy. Take this, LLPS plays a promoting or protecting role in a range of liver diseases, such as viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, autoimmune liver disease, and liver cancer. This review systematically describes the whole landscape of LLPS in liver innate immunity. It will help us to guide a better-personalized approach to LLPS-targeted immunotherapy for liver diseases.
液-液相分离（LLPS）形成的生物分子凝聚物已成为细胞内大分子代谢和生化反应的广泛机制。当细胞的物理和化学性质发生改变时，蛋白质和核酸等大的分子会自发地聚集并组装成液滴状结构，这是由 LLPS 驱动的。LLPS 为先天免疫反应提供了一个成熟的分子平台，它在空间和物理上严格调节肝免疫反应中的关键信号，包括 DNA 和 RNA 感应途径、炎性小体激活和自噬。正是如此，LLPS 在一系列肝脏疾病中发挥着促进或保护作用，如病毒性肝炎、非酒精性脂肪性肝病、肝纤维化、肝缺血再灌注损伤、自身免疫性肝病和肝癌。本综述系统地描述了 LLPS 在肝脏先天免疫中的全貌。它将帮助我们指导针对 LLPS 的免疫治疗的个性化方法，以治疗肝脏疾病。
