Li Junhui, O'Toole Paul W
APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland.
School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland.
PNAS Nexus. 2024 Aug 21;3(9):pgae352. doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae352. eCollection 2024 Sep.
There is an accumulation of evidence that the human gut microbiota plays a role in maintaining health, and that an altered gut microbiota (sometimes called ) associates with risk for many noncommunicable diseases. However, the dynamics of disease-linked bacteria in the gut and other body sites remain unclear. If microbiome alterations prove causative in particular diseases, therapeutic intervention may be possible. Furthermore, microbial signature taxa have been established for the diagnosis of some diseases like colon cancer. We identified 163 disease-enriched and 98 disease-depleted gut microbiome signature taxa at species-level resolution (signature species) from 10 meta-analyses of multiple diseases such as colorectal cancer, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, pancreatic cancer, and COVID-19 infection. Eight signature species were enriched and nine were depleted across at least half of the diseases studied. Compared with signature species depleted in diseases, a significantly higher proportion of disease-enriched signature species were identified as extra-intestinal (primarily oral) inhabitants, had been reported in bacteremia cases from the literature, and were aerotolerant anaerobes. These findings highlight the potential involvement of oral microbes, bacteremia isolates, and aerotolerant anaerobes in disease-associated gut microbiome alterations, and they have implications for patient care and disease management.
有越来越多的证据表明，人类肠道微生物群在维持健康方面发挥作用，而肠道微生物群的改变（有时称为肠道菌群失调）与许多非传染性疾病的风险相关。然而，肠道及其他身体部位与疾病相关细菌的动态变化仍不清楚。如果微生物群的改变被证明是某些特定疾病的病因，那么治疗干预可能是可行的。此外，已经建立了微生物特征分类群用于诊断某些疾病，如结肠癌。我们从10项关于多种疾病（如结直肠癌、溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩病、肠易激综合征、胰腺癌和COVID-19感染）的荟萃分析中，在物种水平分辨率上（特征物种）确定了163种疾病富集和98种疾病耗竭的肠道微生物群特征分类群。在所研究的至少一半疾病中，有8个特征物种富集，9个特征物种耗竭。与疾病中耗竭的特征物种相比，疾病富集的特征物种中，有更高比例被确定为肠道外（主要是口腔）居民，在文献报道的菌血症病例中出现过，并且是耐氧厌氧菌。这些发现突出了口腔微生物、菌血症分离株和耐氧厌氧菌在与疾病相关的肠道微生物群改变中的潜在作用，对患者护理和疾病管理具有启示意义。
