Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
College of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
Front Public Health. 2024 Aug 29;12:1450983. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1450983. eCollection 2024.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental disorder globally. Increasing evidence suggests that Environmental Metal (EM) play a crucial role in MDD. Therefore, this study investigated the roles of barium (Ba), cesium (Cs), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and tin (Sn) in the etiology of MDD.
The study included 72 MDD patients and 75 healthy controls (HCs) from the Second People's Hospital of Zhumadian, China. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) measured the metal levels in serum and urine samples from both groups.
Significant differences in serum and urine levels of EMs were observed between MDD patients and HCs. After adjusting for age, gender, and BMI, logistic regression and quantile regression models revealed significant associations between EMs and MDD. In serum samples, higher Sn levels (OR = 1.22, = 0.044) increased MDD risk, whereas higher Cs levels (OR = 0.02, < 0.001), Cd (OR = 0.06, 0.047), and Mn (OR = 0.54, = 0.016) decreased MDD risk. In urine samples, higher Ba levels (OR = 0.94, = 0.015), Ni (OR = 0.87, = 0.0024), Sn (OR = 1.62, < 0.001), and Mn (OR = 0.77, = 0.037) were significantly associated with MDD. Sn significantly positively predicted HAMD-24 scores at the 0.50 and 0.75 quantiles (β = 0.96, = 0.018; β = 1.25, = 0.008) as did Pb (β = 5.15, = 0.001; β = 4.19, = 0.004). Ba positively predicted depressive symptoms across all quantiles (all < 0.05). Hg positively predicted HAMD-24 scores at the 0.50 quantile (β = 9.20, = 0.050).
These findings underscore EMs' importance in depression, aiding in targeted interventions for varying degrees of depression and necessitating future studies to clarify causality and mechanisms.
重度抑郁症（MDD）是一种全球范围内普遍存在的精神障碍。越来越多的证据表明，环境金属（EM）在 MDD 中起着至关重要的作用。因此，本研究调查了钡（Ba）、铯（Cs）、镍（Ni）、锰（Mn）、铅（Pb）、汞（Hg）、镉（Cd）和锡（Sn）在 MDD 发病机制中的作用。
本研究纳入了来自中国驻马店市第二人民医院的 72 名 MDD 患者和 75 名健康对照者（HCs）。电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）测量了两组血清和尿液样本中的金属水平。
MDD 患者和 HCs 之间血清和尿液中 EM 水平存在显著差异。在校正年龄、性别和 BMI 后，逻辑回归和分位数回归模型显示 EM 与 MDD 之间存在显著关联。在血清样本中，较高的 Sn 水平（OR=1.22， =0.044）增加了 MDD 风险，而较高的 Cs 水平（OR=0.02， <0.001）、Cd（OR=0.06， <0.047）和 Mn（OR=0.54， =0.016）降低了 MDD 风险。在尿液样本中，较高的 Ba 水平（OR=0.94， =0.015）、Ni（OR=0.87， =0.0024）、Sn（OR=1.62， <0.001）和 Mn（OR=0.77， =0.037）与 MDD 显著相关。Sn 在 0.50 和 0.75 分位数与 HAMD-24 评分显著正相关（β=0.96， =0.018；β=1.25， =0.008），Pb 也是如此（β=5.15， =0.001；β=4.19， =0.004）。Ba 对所有分位数的抑郁症状均有正预测作用（均 <0.05）。Hg 对 HAMD-24 评分在 0.50 分位数有正预测作用（β=9.20， =0.050）。
这些发现强调了 EM 在抑郁症中的重要性，有助于针对不同程度的抑郁症进行有针对性的干预，并需要进一步研究以阐明因果关系和机制。
