Department of Internal Neurology, The Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
Environ Health Prev Med. 2024;29:32. doi: 10.1265/ehpm.24-00050.
Cadmium, a toxic metal, is widely encountered in diverse environmental contexts. Despite its pervasive exposure, there is limited research on the association between blood cadmium levels and depression, especially among females. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between blood cadmium levels and depression in adult women.
Data spanning 2005-2016 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were selected. Depression was diagnosed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9, score ≥10). Multiple logistic regression, multiple linear regression, and smoothed curve fitting were used to investigate the relationship between blood cadmium and depression. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were performed to evaluate the stability of this association across populations.
A total of 1,173 individuals were diagnosed with depression. The heightened prevalence of depression was linked to increased blood cadmium levels, a trend that persisted even after quartering blood cadmium. In the fully adjusted model, each incremental unit of blood cadmium was associated with a 33% rise in the prevalence of depression (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.21-1.45). Participants in the highest quartile were 63% more likely to experience depression compared to those in the lowest quartile of blood cadmium (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.15-2.30), and PHQ-9 score increased by 0.73 (β = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.30-1.17). This positive association may be relevant to the general population.
Blood cadmium levels are associated with depression in adult women, and this association varies by age and smoking status.
镉是一种有毒金属，广泛存在于各种环境中。尽管镉的暴露普遍存在，但关于血液镉水平与抑郁症之间的关系的研究有限，尤其是在女性中。本研究旨在调查成年女性血液镉水平与抑郁症之间的关系。
从国家健康和营养调查（NHANES）中选择了 2005 年至 2016 年的数据。使用患者健康问卷（PHQ-9，得分≥10）诊断抑郁症。使用多逻辑回归、多元线性回归和平滑曲线拟合来研究血液镉与抑郁症之间的关系。进行亚组分析和交互检验，以评估该关联在人群中的稳定性。
共有 1173 人被诊断患有抑郁症。随着血液镉水平的升高，抑郁症的患病率也升高，这种趋势在将血液镉水平四等分后仍然存在。在完全调整的模型中，血液镉的每个增量单位与抑郁症患病率升高 33%相关（OR=1.33，95%CI：1.21-1.45）。与血液镉最低四分位的参与者相比，最高四分位的参与者患抑郁症的可能性高 63%（OR=1.63，95%CI：1.15-2.30），PHQ-9 评分增加 0.73（β=0.73，95%CI：0.30-1.17）。这种正相关关系可能与一般人群有关。
血液镉水平与成年女性的抑郁症有关，这种关联因年龄和吸烟状况而异。
