Veraksa Aleksander, Hasegawa Mari, Bukhalenkova Daria, Almazova Olga, Aslanova Margarita, Matsumoto Emi
Department of Educational Psychology and Pedagogy, Faculty of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
Graduate School of Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
Front Psychol. 2024 Aug 19;15:1444564. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1444564. eCollection 2024.
This study analyzed differences in level of main executive function (EF) components (such as inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) among Russian and Japanese preschoolers. The study involved 102 children of 5-6.9 years old: 51 child from Russia and 51 child from Japan. Out of 102 children 48 were boys and 54 girls. It was found that the cognitive flexibility level in Russian children is higher and inhibition level is lower than in Japanese children. The results of the boys' EF comparison showed that boys from Russia have lower cognitive and physical inhibition levels than boys from Japan. Also it was shown that cognitive flexibility in Russian girls is significantly higher and cognitive inhibition is lower than in Japanese girls. The results obtained are discussed from the point of view of possible cultural differences in the two countries studied, which are manifested in the expectations of adults from children.
本研究分析了俄罗斯和日本学龄前儿童主要执行功能（EF）各组成部分（如抑制、工作记忆和认知灵活性）水平的差异。该研究涉及102名5至6.9岁的儿童：51名来自俄罗斯，51名来自日本。在这102名儿童中，48名是男孩，54名是女孩。研究发现，俄罗斯儿童的认知灵活性水平高于日本儿童，而抑制水平低于日本儿童。对男孩执行功能的比较结果表明，俄罗斯男孩的认知和身体抑制水平低于日本男孩。研究还表明，俄罗斯女孩的认知灵活性明显高于日本女孩，而认知抑制则低于日本女孩。从所研究的两国可能存在的文化差异角度对所得结果进行了讨论，这种差异体现在成年人对儿童的期望中。
