Gaviria Christian, Corredor Javier
Department of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cr. 30 #45-03, Ed. 212, Of. 219, Bogotá, Colombia.
Mem Cognit. 2025 Apr;53(3):881-895. doi: 10.3758/s13421-024-01616-6. Epub 2024 Sep 4.
People are often overconfident about their ability to explain how everyday phenomena and artifacts work (devices, natural processes, historical events, etc.). However, the metacognitive mechanisms involved in this bias have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to establish whether the ability to perform deliberate and analytic processes moderates the effect of informational cues such as the social desirability of knowledge on the Illusion of Explanatory Depth (IOED). To this purpose, the participants' cognitive load was manipulated as they provided initial estimates of causal understanding of national historical events in the standard IOED paradigm. The results showed that neither the social desirability of specific causal knowledge nor the cognitive load manipulations had direct effects on the IOED. However, subsequent exploratory analyses indicated that high cognitive load was related to lower performance on concurrent memory tasks, which in turn was associated with a higher IOED magnitude. Higher analytical processing was also related to lower IOED. Implications for both dual-process models of metacognition and the design of task environments that help to reduce this bias are discussed.
人们常常对自己解释日常现象和人工制品（设备、自然过程、历史事件等）如何运作的能力过于自信。然而，这种偏差所涉及的元认知机制尚未得到充分阐明。本研究的目的是确定进行深思熟虑和分析性过程的能力是否会调节诸如知识的社会期望性等信息线索对解释深度错觉（IOED）的影响。为此，在标准IOED范式中，当参与者对国家历史事件的因果理解提供初步估计时，对他们的认知负荷进行了操纵。结果表明，特定因果知识的社会期望性和认知负荷操纵都没有对IOED产生直接影响。然而，随后的探索性分析表明，高认知负荷与并发记忆任务的较低表现相关，而这反过来又与较高的IOED程度相关。更高的分析处理能力也与较低的IOED相关。文中讨论了对元认知双过程模型以及有助于减少这种偏差的任务环境设计的启示。
