Runge V M, Clanton J A, Price A C, Wehr C J, Herzer W A, Partain C L, James A E
Magn Reson Imaging. 1985;3(1):43-55. doi: 10.1016/0730-725x(85)90008-6.
To provide contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging, a new class of compounds has been developed, the paramagnetic metal ion chelates. Gadolinium (Gd) DTPA, a prototype of this class, shows a sufficiently high in vivo stability and low toxicity for use in initial clinical trials. This type of agent, designed for rapid clearance by glomerular filtration, allows the assessment on MRI of renal function, alterations in tissue perfusion, myocardial ischemia, and perhaps most significantly disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Research at Vanderbilt has demonstrated these applications, with particular emphasis in three areas. Tissue perfusion changes, such as those produced by ligation of the arterial blood supply to portions of the spleen and kidney, cannot easily be detected on unenhanced MRI. These acute tissue infarcts can be readily identified following the administration of Gd DTPA. The question of field strength dependence of Gd DTPA has been addressed by experimentation at 0.15, 0.5, and 1.5 tesla. Furthermore, the ability to detect an alteration of the BBB, when present without associated edema, has been demonstrated with the application of control enhancement. The use of contrast agents in MRI will enhance both the sensitivity and specificity of magnetic resonance imaging.
为了在磁共振成像中实现对比增强，已开发出一类新型化合物——顺磁性金属离子螯合物。钆（Gd）二乙三胺五乙酸（DTPA）是这类化合物的原型，在初步临床试验中显示出足够高的体内稳定性和低毒性。这类造影剂设计用于通过肾小球滤过快速清除，可用于在磁共振成像上评估肾功能、组织灌注改变、心肌缺血，或许最显著的是血脑屏障（BBB）的破坏。范德比尔特大学的研究已经证实了这些应用，尤其侧重于三个领域。组织灌注变化，比如因结扎脾脏和肾脏部分的动脉血供而产生的变化，在未增强的磁共振成像上不容易被检测到。在注射钆二乙三胺五乙酸后，这些急性组织梗死灶能够很容易被识别出来。通过在0.15、0.5和1.5特斯拉的实验研究了钆二乙三胺五乙酸对场强的依赖性问题。此外，在应用对照增强时已经证实，在没有相关水肿的情况下能够检测到血脑屏障的改变。磁共振成像中使用造影剂将提高磁共振成像的敏感性和特异性。
