Liu Xingchen, Wang Zhan, Zhou Zhaokai, Yang Shuai, Yang Jing, Wen Yibo, Zhang Yanping, Lv Lei, Hu Jinhua, Wang Qingwei, Lu Wei, Wen Jian Guo
Paediatric Urodynamic Centre and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Henan Joint International Paediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Front Pediatr. 2024 Aug 21;12:1455171. doi: 10.3389/fped.2024.1455171. eCollection 2024.
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are clinically frequent and seriously affect the psychological and mental health of children and adolescents. However, most studies on LUTS and its influence on the psychological behavior and mental health have focused on adults. This study aimed to investigate LUTS prevalence and associated factors in children and adolescents and explore its impact on psychological behavior.
From October 2019 to November 2021, an epidemiological LUTS survey was carried out on 6,077 children aged 6-15 years old in 12 primary and secondary schools in China by using anonymous questionnaires.
A total of 5,500 valid questionnaires were collected, and the total prevalence of four representative symptoms of LUTS: urgency, frequency, daytime urinary incontinence, and nocturnal enuresis was 19.46%, 14.55%, 9.75%, and 8.4%, respectively. The prevalence decreased with age, which decreased rapidly in children aged 6-12 years old. The incidence of LUTS in those who did not continue to use disposable diapers (DD) and began to perform elimination communication (EC) after the age of 1 was significantly higher than that of those who stopped using DD and started EC before 1 year of age ( < 0.05). There were significant differences in the occurrence of LUTS without toiled training (TT) ( < 0.05). The prevalence of LUTS in males was significantly higher than in females ( < 0.05). LUTS in children and adolescents with constipation was significantly higher compared to those without constipation ( < 0.05). The detection rate of abnormal psychological behavior in the LUTS group was 44.6%, which was significantly higher than that in the no LUTS group (21.4%, < 0.05). The scores of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer communication problems were significantly higher in the LUTS group than the control group.
In Mainland China, the prevalence of LUTS in children and adolescents is high. Continued use of DD after 1 year of age, history of urinary tract infection, lack of TT, and constipation were risk factors for LUTS. EC before 1 year of age is a protective factor for LUTS. The prevalence of psychological behavioral abnormalities is high in children and adolescents with LUTS, which needs to be more concerned.
下尿路症状（LUTS）在临床上较为常见，严重影响儿童和青少年的心理和精神健康。然而，大多数关于LUTS及其对心理行为和精神健康影响的研究都集中在成年人身上。本研究旨在调查儿童和青少年中LUTS的患病率及相关因素，并探讨其对心理行为的影响。
2019年10月至2021年11月，采用匿名问卷对中国12所中小学的6077名6-15岁儿童进行了LUTS流行病学调查。
共收集到有效问卷5500份，LUTS的四种代表性症状：尿急、尿频、日间尿失禁和夜间遗尿的总患病率分别为19.46%、14.55%、9.75%和8.4%。患病率随年龄增长而降低，在6-12岁儿童中下降迅速。1岁后仍继续使用一次性尿布（DD）且未开始进行排便训练（EC）的儿童LUTS发生率显著高于1岁前停止使用DD并开始EC的儿童（P<0.05）。未进行如厕训练（TT）的儿童LUTS发生率存在显著差异（P<0.05）。男性LUTS患病率显著高于女性（P<0.05）。便秘儿童和青少年的LUTS患病率显著高于无便秘者（P<0.05）。LUTS组异常心理行为的检出率为44.6%，显著高于无LUTS组（21.4%，P<0.05）。LUTS组的情绪症状、行为问题、多动和同伴交往问题得分显著高于对照组。
在中国大陆，儿童和青少年中LUTS的患病率较高。1岁后继续使用DD、尿路感染史、缺乏TT和便秘是LUTS的危险因素。1岁前进行EC是LUTS的保护因素。LUTS儿童和青少年中心理行为异常的患病率较高，需要更多关注。
