National Vaccine Innovation Platform, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.
Front Immunol. 2024 Aug 21;15:1455730. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1455730. eCollection 2024.
Various COVID-19 vaccine trials have shown that vaccines can successfully prevent symptomatic cases of COVID-19 and death. Head-to-head comparisons help to better understand the immune response characteristics of different COVID-19 vaccines in humans.
We randomly selected 20 participants from each of five ongoing Phase II trials of COVID-19 vaccines. Here, SARS-CoV 2-specific immune responses to DNA vaccine (INO-4800), mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2), Adenovirus-vectored vaccine (CONVIDECIA), Protein subunit vaccine (Recombinant COVID- 19 Vaccine (Sf9 Cells)), Inactivated Vaccine (KCONVAC) were examined longitudinally in healthy adults between Jan 15, 2021 and July 5, 2021 for 6 months. RBD-IgG titres were detected by ELISA, neutralising antibody titer were detected by pseudoviral neutralization and immune cell response were detected by flow cytometry.
At the first visit (V1), 100% of individuals who received the BNT162b2, CONVIDECIA, or KCONVAC vaccines experienced seroconversion of neutralizing and binding antibodies in the serum. Except for the Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (Sf9 Cells) vaccine having the highest neutralizing antibody GMT at the second visit (although there was no statistically significant difference in geometric mean titers between V1 and V2), the rest of the vaccines had the highest levels of binding antibodies and neutralizing antibodies at V1. The neutralizing antibodies GMT of all vaccines showed a significant decrease at V3 compared to V1. The neutralizing antibody GMT against the omicron variant of all vaccines at V1 showed a significant decrease compared to the wild strain. We observed statistically significant differences in Tcm cells and RBD-specific memory B cells among various vaccines.
BNT162b2 (mRNA vaccine) exhibits the highest antibody levels among the five vaccines evaluated, regardless of whether the target is the wild-type virus or its variants. However, its cellular immune response may be weaker compared to CONVIDECIA (adenovirus type 5 vector vaccine).
多项 COVID-19 疫苗试验表明，疫苗可有效预防 COVID-19 有症状病例和死亡。头对头比较有助于更好地了解不同 COVID-19 疫苗在人体中的免疫反应特征。
我们于 2021 年 1 月 15 日至 7 月 5 日期间，在五项正在进行的 COVID-19 疫苗二期试验中，随机选择了每个试验的 20 名参与者。在此，我们检测了 DNA 疫苗（INO-4800）、mRNA 疫苗（BNT162b2）、腺病毒载体疫苗（CONVIDECIA）、蛋白亚单位疫苗（重组 COVID-19 疫苗（Sf9 细胞））和灭活疫苗（KCONVAC）在健康成年人中的 SARS-CoV-2 特异性免疫反应，随访时间为 6 个月。通过 ELISA 检测 RBD-IgG 滴度，通过假病毒中和试验检测中和抗体滴度，通过流式细胞术检测免疫细胞反应。
在首次就诊（V1）时，接受 BNT162b2、CONVIDECIA 或 KCONVAC 疫苗的 100%个体的血清中出现中和和结合抗体的血清转化。除了重组 COVID-19 疫苗（Sf9 细胞）在第二次就诊（V2）时具有最高的中和抗体几何平均滴度（尽管 V1 和 V2 之间的几何平均滴度没有统计学差异）外，其余疫苗在 V1 时具有最高的结合抗体和中和抗体水平。与 V1 相比，所有疫苗的中和抗体 GMT 在 V3 时均显著下降。与野生株相比，所有疫苗对 omicron 变异株的中和抗体 GMT 在 V1 时均显著下降。我们观察到不同疫苗之间 Tcm 细胞和 RBD 特异性记忆 B 细胞存在统计学上的显著差异。
在评估的五种疫苗中，BNT162b2（mRNA 疫苗）无论针对的是野生型病毒还是其变体，其抗体水平均最高。然而，与 CONVIDECIA（腺病毒 5 型载体疫苗）相比，其细胞免疫反应可能较弱。
