Parra W C, Cates W
Public Health Rep. 1985 May-Jun;100(3):261-9.
The problem of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the United States has been growing, in both scope and complexity, at an alarming rate. As evidence of the emergence of these diseases as a primary national concern, the Surgeon General has designated them as 1 of 15 priority areas in which further actions are required to improve the health of the American people. The key targets for the 1990 objectives for the nation in the STD area include reducing the incidence of gonorrhea; gonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease; and primary, secondary, and congenital syphilis. This report updates progress toward these objectives. There is good news with respect to the continuing success of proven methods in preventing and controlling both gonorrhea and syphilis. However, the picture is less bright with respect to control of other STDs that have gained new prominence--Chlamydia, herpesvirus, human papillomavirus, and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III infections. Escalating interest in STDs reflects more recent appreciation of their relation to reproductive outcomes. STD organisms clearly have a far-reaching effect on the nation's population, including the capacity to reproduce, the rate of perinatal infection, the incidence of genital cancers, and the occurrence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Some major hurdles still must be faced before the 1990 objectives can be successfully met. The population at risk will remain large, fueling the STD epidemic and taxing existing resources. Public sector support may not keep up with inflation, much less keep pace with the expanding spectrum of sexually transmitted disease. From a public health vantage, however, the opportunities for further advances in controlling STDs have never been greater.
在美国，性传播疾病（STD）问题在范围和复杂性方面一直以惊人的速度增长。作为这些疾病成为国家主要关注问题的证据，卫生局局长已将其指定为15个优先领域之一，需要采取进一步行动来改善美国人民的健康状况。1990年全国性传播疾病领域目标的关键指标包括降低淋病、淋菌性盆腔炎以及一期、二期和先天性梅毒的发病率。本报告更新了实现这些目标的进展情况。关于已证实的预防和控制淋病及梅毒方法的持续成功，有好消息传来。然而，在控制其他新出现的突出性传播疾病方面，情况就不那么乐观了，这些疾病包括衣原体感染、疱疹病毒感染、人乳头瘤病毒感染以及人T细胞嗜淋巴病毒III型感染。对性传播疾病兴趣的不断增加反映了人们最近对其与生殖结果关系的认识。性传播疾病病原体显然对国家人口有深远影响，包括生殖能力、围产期感染率、生殖器癌症发病率以及获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）的发生情况。在成功实现1990年目标之前，仍必须面对一些主要障碍。高危人群数量将仍然庞大，这将加剧性传播疾病的流行，并给现有资源带来压力。公共部门的支持可能跟不上通货膨胀，更无法跟上性传播疾病范围不断扩大的步伐。然而，从公共卫生的角度来看，控制性传播疾病取得进一步进展的机会从未如此之大。
