Department of Chemistry, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai, 600062, India.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Sep;31(43):55562-55576. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-34872-9. Epub 2024 Sep 5.
The current investigation focused on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using Malachra alceifolia (Ma) (the common name is wild okra) leaf extract. The morphological, structural, and optical properties of the synthesized Ma-Ag NPs were characterized by various techniques. The absorption spectral studies (UV-vis and FTIR) confirm the formation of Ma-Ag NPs and their band gap was calculated as 2.1 eV with the help of Tauc's equation. The XRD study gives information about the crystalline nature and FCC structure. The SEM analysis estimates the particle size as 10-55 nm and the average size as 28 nm with a spherical shape. Furthermore, biological studies such as antibacterial activity was performed by the broth dilution method whereas antioxidant was studied through the DPPH radical scavenging technique. To compare the antibacterial activity between Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, the highest bacterial growth of inhibition was observed for Pseudomonas aeruginosa than Staphylococcus aureus when increasing the concentration of the plant extract and Ma-Ag NPs. The scavenging activity of DPPH for both leaf extract and synthesized Ma-Ag NPs was represented in a dose-dependent manner (0.1-1.0 mg/mL), Ma-Ag NPs have shown a significant scavenging activity ranging from 39 to 54% with an average IC value of 0.87 ± 0.08. Furthermore, a molecular docking study was performed to confirm the binding interaction outline between the bioactive molecule methyl commate A, Ma-Ag NPs, and proteins such as Aminotransferase and Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase active sites. The highest interaction tendency was observed between the Aminotransferase and methyl commate A with a binding energy of - 7.79 kcal/mol. The high electronegative oxygen of the ligand interacts with H-N- of Lys98 (-O--H-N-) through the formation of hydrogen bond by 3.53A° distance. In addition, the photocatalytic efficiency of Ma-Ag NPs was studied with methylene blue dye degradation under sunlight irradiation at different time intervals. The attained photocatalytic degradation efficiency was 98.3% after 120 min.
本研究采用 Malachra alceifolia（Ma）（俗称野黄蜀葵）叶提取物，对银纳米粒子（Ag NPs）的绿色合成进行了研究。采用多种技术对合成的 Ma-Ag NPs 的形貌、结构和光学性质进行了表征。吸收光谱研究（UV-vis 和 FTIR）证实了 Ma-Ag NPs 的形成，并借助 Tauc 方程计算出其带隙为 2.1 eV。XRD 研究提供了有关结晶性质和 FCC 结构的信息。SEM 分析估计粒径为 10-55nm，平均粒径为 28nm，呈球形。此外，通过肉汤稀释法进行了抗菌活性等生物研究，通过 DPPH 自由基清除技术研究了抗氧化活性。为了比较革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性病原体之间的抗菌活性，当增加植物提取物和 Ma-Ag NPs 的浓度时，观察到铜绿假单胞菌对金黄色葡萄球菌的细菌生长抑制最高。叶提取物和合成的 Ma-Ag NPs 的 DPPH 清除活性均呈剂量依赖性（0.1-1.0mg/mL），Ma-Ag NPs 的清除活性范围为 39-54%，平均 IC 值为 0.87±0.08。此外，还进行了分子对接研究，以确认生物活性分子甲基卡马特 A、Ma-Ag NPs 与氨基转移酶和酪氨酸 tRNA 合成酶等蛋白质的结合相互作用轮廓。观察到氨基转移酶与甲基卡马特 A 之间的相互作用趋势最高，结合能为-7.79 kcal/mol。配体的高电负性氧通过 3.53A°的距离形成氢键，与 Lys98 的 H-N-（-O--H-N-）相互作用。此外，还研究了 Ma-Ag NPs 在不同时间间隔的阳光照射下用光催化降解亚甲基蓝染料的效率。120 分钟后，获得的光催化降解效率为 98.3%。
