Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313300, China.
Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
Poult Sci. 2024 Nov;103(11):104222. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104222. Epub 2024 Aug 21.
Pathogenic bacteria infection, especially Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens), markedly threatened the health of animals, and further caused huge economic loss. In this study, Bacillus licheniformis HJ0135 (BL) was used. Oxford cup bacteriostatic test and inhibitory rate test were conducted to evaluate the antibacterial ability of BL. Results showed the strongest inhibitory role of BL on C. perfringens (P < 0.05). Afterwards, 540 one-day-old yellow-feather broilers (32.7 ± 0.2 g) were randomly allocated into 3 groups, including CON group (basal diet), CP group (basal diet + 1 × 10 CFU C. perfringens in gavage), and BL + CP group (basal diet containing 7.5 × 10 CFU/g BL + 1 × 10 CFU C. perfringens in gavage). At d 70, broilers in the CP and BL + CP groups were treated with C. perfringens by continuously oral administration for 5 d. The experiment lasted for 75 d. The serum, immune organs, jejunal mucosa, and cecal contents were collected for analysis. In vivo experiment showed that BL supplementation markedly improved (P < 0.05) BW, ADG, thymus index, serum immunoglobins and antioxidases, reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR) and serum pro-inflammatory cytokines of C. perfringens-infected broilers. Furthermore, the increased jejunal injury and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, decreased gene expressions of tight junction proteins in the jejunal mucosa were significantly alleviated (P < 0.05) by BL. More importantly, the activation of NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was inhibited (P < 0.05) by BL to further attenuate jejunal damage. Besides, BL supplementation markedly increased (P < 0.05) the cecal isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid. Microbial analysis showed that BL changed the composition and relative abundances of microbiota in the cecal contents (P < 0.05), especially the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria including Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, Megamonas, Faecalibacterium, and Lactobacillus, which further protected against C. perfringens-induced jejunal inflammation in broilers. Our study laid a theoretical basis for the application of probiotics in lessening C. perfringens-related diseases in poultry farming.
病原菌感染，尤其是产气荚膜梭菌（C. perfringens），严重威胁动物健康，并造成巨大的经济损失。本研究采用地衣芽孢杆菌 HJ0135（BL）。采用牛津杯抑菌试验和抑菌率试验评价 BL 的抑菌能力。结果表明，BL 对 C. perfringens 的抑制作用最强（P < 0.05）。随后，将 540 只 1 日龄黄羽肉鸡（32.7 ± 0.2 g）随机分为 3 组，分别为 CON 组（基础日粮）、CP 组（基础日粮+灌胃 1×10 CFU C. perfringens）和 BL+CP 组（基础日粮中含有 7.5×10 CFU/g BL+灌胃 1×10 CFU C. perfringens）。在第 70 天，CP 组和 BL+CP 组的肉鸡连续口服 C. perfringens 5 天进行攻毒。试验持续 75 天。采集血清、免疫器官、空肠黏膜和盲肠内容物进行分析。体内试验表明，BL 补充剂显著提高（P < 0.05）BW、ADG、胸腺指数、血清免疫球蛋白和抗氧化酶，降低 C. perfringens 感染肉鸡的饲料转化率（FCR）和血清促炎细胞因子。此外，BL 显著缓解（P < 0.05）空肠损伤和促炎细胞因子水平升高，下调空肠黏膜紧密连接蛋白基因表达。更重要的是，BL 抑制 NOD、LRR 和 pyrin 结构域包含蛋白 3（NLRP3）炎性体的激活，进一步减轻空肠损伤。此外，BL 补充剂显著增加（P < 0.05）盲肠异丁酸和异戊酸。微生物分析表明，BL 改变了盲肠内容物中微生物群落的组成和相对丰度（P < 0.05），特别是短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）产生菌，包括 Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group、Megamonas、Faecalibacterium 和 Lactobacillus，进一步保护肉鸡免受 C.perfringens 诱导的空肠炎症。本研究为益生菌在减轻家禽养殖业中与 C.perfringens 相关疾病方面的应用奠定了理论基础。
