Périard J D, Wilson M G, Tebeck S T, Stanley J, Girard O
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Australia.
Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, UK; Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Qatar.
J Sci Med Sport. 2025 Jan;28(1):77-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.08.206. Epub 2024 Aug 26.
To assess health status and heat preparation of cyclists at the 2019 Tour Down Under and determine the alignment of heat mitigation strategies with current recommendations.
Cohort study.
Twenty-three (17 % participation rate) male World Tour cyclists from five teams and 10 countries completed a pre-competition questionnaire evaluating exertional heat illness (EHI) history, pre-race health status, and heat mitigation and recovery strategies use. Associations between arrival days pre-competition, years as professional, nationality, team, history of EHI symptoms and diagnosis on heat mitigation and recovery strategy utilisation were assessed.
65 % of cyclists reported previously experiencing one or more EHI symptom (cramping: 48 %) and 22 % a diagnosis of heat stroke. In the 10 days preceding the race, 26 % experienced one or more illness symptoms. 65 % trained in the heat (acclimatisation 8-25 days; acclimation: 3-7 days), which was associated with team (P = 0.047, ϕ = 0.61), nationality (P = 0.009, ϕ = 0.86) and EHI symptoms history (P = 0.058, ϕ = 0.43). All cyclists had a hydration plan, with links to team (0.5-1.0 L·h, P = 0.043, ϕ = 0.68) and EHI symptom history (1.0-1.5 L·h, P = 0.048, ϕ = 0.476). Most had pre-cooling (87 %) and mid-cooling (83 %) strategies, most commonly cold beverages (75 %) and neck collars (78 %), respectively. All cyclists planned on using at least one recovery strategy (massage: 87 %).
Our data indicate good alignment with current recommendations for competing in the heat, particularly for hydration, cooling and recovery strategies. Whilst the proportion of cyclists engaging in heat acclimation/acclimatisation is encouraging, greater awareness on adapting and implementing heat training is required.
评估参加2019年环澳自行车赛的自行车运动员的健康状况和热准备情况，并确定热缓解策略与当前建议的一致性。
队列研究。
来自5个车队和10个国家的23名（参与率17%）男子世界巡回赛自行车运动员完成了一份赛前问卷，评估运动性热疾病（EHI）病史、赛前健康状况以及热缓解和恢复策略的使用情况。评估了赛前到达天数、职业年限、国籍、车队、EHI症状史以及诊断与热缓解和恢复策略使用之间的关联。
65%的自行车运动员报告曾经历过一种或多种EHI症状（抽筋：48%），22%被诊断为中暑。在比赛前10天，26%的运动员出现过一种或多种疾病症状。65%的运动员在高温环境下训练（适应期8 - 25天；驯化期：3 - 7天），这与车队（P = 0.047，ϕ = 0.61）、国籍（P = 0.009，ϕ = 0.86）和EHI症状史（P = 0.058，ϕ = 0.43）有关。所有自行车运动员都有补水计划，这与车队有关（0.5 - 1.0 L·h，P = 0.043，ϕ = 0.68）以及EHI症状史有关（1.0 - 1.5 L·h，P = 0.048，ϕ = 0.476）。大多数运动员有预冷（87%）和中冷（83%）策略，最常用的分别是冷饮（75%）和颈圈（78%）。所有自行车运动员都计划至少使用一种恢复策略（按摩：87%）。
我们的数据表明，在高温环境下比赛时，与当前建议在补水、降温及恢复策略方面的一致性良好。虽然进行热适应/驯化的自行车运动员比例令人鼓舞，但仍需要提高对调整和实施热训练的认识。
