Alkemade Puck, Daanen Hein A M, Janssen Thomas W J, Broad Elizabeth, Goosey-Tolfrey Victoria L, Ibusuki Tatsuru, Kneepkens Hiske, Périard Julien D, Eijsvogels Thijs M H
Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Sports Dietitian, Huskisson, New south wales, Australia.
Temperature (Austin). 2022 Nov 17;10(2):264-275. doi: 10.1080/23328940.2022.2147364. eCollection 2023.
Paralympic athletes may be at increased risk for exertional heat illness (EHI) due to reduced thermoregulatory ability as a consequence of their impairment. This study investigated the occurrence of heat-stress related symptoms and EHI, and the use of heat mitigation strategies in Paralympic athletes, both in relation to the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games and previous events. Paralympic athletes competing in Tokyo 2020 were invited to complete an online survey five weeks prior to the Paralympics and up to eight weeks after the Games. 107 athletes (30 [24-38] years, 52% female, 20 nationalities, 21 sports) completed the survey. 57% of respondents had previously experienced heat-stress related symptoms, while 9% had been medically diagnosed with EHI. In Tokyo, 21% experienced at least one heat-stress related symptom, while none reported an EHI. The most common symptom and EHI were, respectively, dizziness and dehydration. In preparation for Tokyo, 58% of respondents used a heat acclimation strategy, most commonly heat acclimatization, which was more than in preparation for previous events (45%; = 0.007). Cooling strategies were used by 77% of athletes in Tokyo, compared to 66% during past events ( = 0.18). Cold towels and packs were used most commonly. Respondents reported no medically-diagnosed EHIs during the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, despite the hot and humid conditions in the first seven days of competition. Heat acclimation and cooling strategies were used by the majority of athletes, with heat acclimation being adopted more often than for previous competitions.
由于身体功能障碍导致体温调节能力下降，残奥会运动员可能面临运动性热疾病（EHI）风险增加的情况。本研究调查了与热应激相关症状和EHI的发生情况，以及残奥会运动员在2020年东京残奥会和以往赛事中使用的热缓解策略。邀请参加2020年东京残奥会的运动员在残奥会前5周和赛后8周内完成一项在线调查。107名运动员（年龄30[24 - 38]岁，52%为女性，20个国籍，21个运动项目）完成了调查。57%的受访者曾经历过热应激相关症状，而9%曾被医学诊断为EHI。在东京，21%的人至少经历过一种与热应激相关的症状，而无人报告患有EHI。最常见的症状和EHI分别是头晕和脱水。为备战东京残奥会，58%的受访者采用了热适应策略，最常见的是热习服，这一比例高于备战以往赛事（45%；P = 0.007）。在东京，77%的运动员使用了降温策略，而在以往赛事中这一比例为66%（P = 0.18）。最常使用的是冷毛巾和冷敷袋。尽管在2020年东京残奥会比赛的前七天天气炎热潮湿，但受访者报告在赛事期间未出现医学诊断的EHI病例。大多数运动员采用了热适应和降温策略，且热适应的采用频率高于以往比赛。
