Impact of nutrition interventions for malnourished patients: Introduction to health economics and outcomes research with findings from nutrition care studies.

Healthcare systems and patients today are challenged by high and ever-escalating costs for care. With increasing costs and declining affordability, public and private healthcare payers are all seeking value in care. As the evidence regarding health benefits of nutrition products and interventional nutrition care is increasing, cost-effectiveness of these interventions needs consideration. Health economics and outcomes research (HEOR) examines the value of healthcare treatments, including nutrition interventions. This review summarizes how HEOR tools are used to measure health impact, that is, the burden of illness, the effect of interventions on the illness, and the value of the nutrition intervention in terms of health and cost outcomes. How studies are designed to compile data for economic analyses is briefly discussed. Then, studies that use HEOR methods to measure efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and cost savings from nutrition care across the healthcare spectrum-from hospitals to nursing homes and rehabilitation centers, to care for community-living individuals, with an emphasis on individuals who are older or experiencing chronic health issues-are reviewed. Overall, findings from HEOR studies over the past decade build considerable evidence to show that nutrition care improves the health of at-risk or malnourished patients effectively and at a reasonable cost. As such, the evidence suggests that nutrition care brings value to healthcare across multiple settings and populations.