Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Nov;279(Pt 3):135261. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135261. Epub 2024 Sep 5.
Synthetic polymers have been widely thriving as mega industries at a commercial scale in various commercial sectors over the last few decades. The extensive use of synthetic polymers has caused several negative repercussions on the health of humans and the environment. Recently, biopolymers have gained more attention among scientists of different disciplines by their potential therapeutic and commercial applications. Biopolymers are chain-like repeating units of molecules isolated from green sources. They are self-degradable, biocompatible, and non-toxic in nature. Recently, eco-friendly biopolymers such as extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) have received much attention for their wide applications in the fields of emulsification, flocculation, preservatives, wastewater treatment, nanomaterial functionalization, drug delivery, cosmetics, glycomics, medicinal chemistry, and purification technology. The dynamicity of applications has raised the industrial and consumer demands to cater to the needs of mankind. This review deals with current insights and highlights on database surveys, potential sources, classification, extremophilic EPSs, bioprospecting, patents, microenvironment stability, biosynthesis, and genetic advances for production of high valued ecofriendly polymers. The importance of high valued EPSs in commercial and industrial applications in the global market economy is also summarized. This review concludes with future perspectives and commercial applications for the well-being of humanity.
在过去的几十年里，合成聚合物在各个商业领域已经以大规模商业形式广泛蓬勃发展。合成聚合物的广泛使用对人类健康和环境造成了一些负面影响。最近，生物聚合物因其潜在的治疗和商业应用，引起了不同学科科学家的更多关注。生物聚合物是从绿色资源中分离出的分子的链状重复单元。它们具有自降解性、生物相容性和无毒的特性。最近，由于其在乳化、絮凝、防腐剂、废水处理、纳米材料功能化、药物输送、化妆品、糖组学、药物化学和净化技术等领域的广泛应用，生态友好型生物聚合物如细胞外聚合物（EPS）受到了极大关注。应用的多样性提高了工业和消费者的需求，以满足人类的需求。本文综述了数据库调查、潜在来源、分类、极端 EPS、生物勘探、专利、微环境稳定性、生物合成和遗传进展方面的最新见解，以生产高附加值的环保聚合物。还总结了高附加值 EPS 在全球市场经济中商业和工业应用的重要性。本文最后展望了未来的发展方向和商业应用，以造福人类。
