Han Jiali, Han Fang, He Baoshi, Ma Xuankai, Wang Tian
State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, 830011, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 8;14(1):20895. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-71788-3.
Alpine natural heritage sites hold significant value due to their unique global resources. Studying land cover changes in these areas is crucial for maintaining and preserving multiple their values. This study takes Kalajun-Kuerdening, one of the components of Xinjiang Tianshan World Natural Heritage Site, as an example to analyze land cover changes and their driving factors in alpine heritage sites. Highlights include: (1) Between 1994 and 2023, Forest and Grassland increased by 55.96 km and 18.16 km, with notable forest growth from 2007 to 2017. Trends in Forest changes align with forest protection policies, and a substantial amount of Bareland converted to Grassland indicates an increase in vegetation cover. (2) Elevation, precipitation, temperature, and evapotranspiration are key drivers of land cover changes, as validated by Random Forest algorithm and Geodetector model. (3) Favorable conditions for Grassland to Forest transition include annual precipitation between 275 and 375 mm, annual temperature between -2 and 3 °C, annual evapotranspiration between 580 and 750 mm, elevation between 1800 and 2600 m, and aspect between 0 to 110° and 220 to 259.9°. Continuous monitoring of land cover changes and their driving factors in mountain heritage sites contributes to the protection of the ecological environment and provides data and information support for addressing climate change, resource management, and policy making.
高山自然遗产地因其独特的全球资源而具有重要价值。研究这些地区的土地覆盖变化对于维护和保护其多重价值至关重要。本研究以新疆天山世界自然遗产地组成部分之一的喀拉峻—库尔德宁为例，分析高山遗产地的土地覆盖变化及其驱动因素。要点包括：（1）1994年至2023年期间，森林和草地面积分别增加了55.96平方千米和18.16平方千米，2007年至2017年森林增长显著。森林变化趋势与森林保护政策相符，大量裸地转变为草地表明植被覆盖增加。（2）海拔、降水、温度和蒸散是土地覆盖变化的关键驱动因素，随机森林算法和地理探测器模型验证了这一点。（3）草地向森林转变的有利条件包括年降水量在275至375毫米之间、年温度在-2至3摄氏度之间、年蒸散量在580至750毫米之间、海拔在1800至2600米之间以及坡向在0至110°和220至259.9°之间。持续监测山区遗产地的土地覆盖变化及其驱动因素有助于生态环境保护，并为应对气候变化、资源管理和政策制定提供数据和信息支持。
