Runting Huang, Qingyue Luo, Yining Yuan, Huiyu Shu, Shu Yang, Xixi Feng
Department of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
Front Nutr. 2024 Aug 23;11:1396007. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1396007. eCollection 2024.
Bone mineral density (BMD) is a crucial index for predicting fracture risk and diagnosing osteoporosis. With the global rise in osteoporosis prevalence, understanding the relationship between dietary patterns and BMD is vital for public health. This study aimed to explore the association between various dietary patterns and BMD among adults using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Data were analyzed from 8,416 NHANES participants aged 40 years and older across three non-consecutive survey cycles from 2013 to 2020. Dietary patterns were identified using a combination of factor analysis and cluster analysis. BMD measurements were then assessed, and associations with the identified dietary patterns were analyzed, with adjustments made for demographic variables.
The analysis identified three distinct dietary patterns: "Low protein-High Dietary fiber-Vitamin A-Magnesium (LP-HDF-Vit A-Mg)", "High macronutrient-Choline-Selenium (HM-Cho-Se)", and "Low macronutrient-Vitamin D-Calcium (LM-Vit D-Ca)", and then we found that women, older adults, and certain ethnic groups were at higher risk for low BMD. Participants adhering to the "HM-Cho-Se" and "LP-HDF-Vit A-Mg" dietary patterns exhibited significantly higher BMD compared to those following the "LM-Vit D-Ca" pattern. After adjusting for demographic variables, the "HM-Cho-Se" pattern remained positively associated with BMD, while the "LM-Vit D-Ca" pattern showed no significant association with BMD or the risk of low BMD.
The findings suggest that adherence to the "HM-Cho-Se" dietary pattern may reduce the risk of low BMD, indicating potential synergies between these nutrients for bone health. However, the study has limitations, including the cross-sectional design and potential subjectivity in factor analysis. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies involving diverse age groups to better understand the causal relationship between dietary patterns and BMD. Despite these limitations, the study highlights the importance of dietary factors in maintaining bone health and suggests potential dietary interventions to reduce the risk of low BMD and osteoporosis.
骨密度（BMD）是预测骨折风险和诊断骨质疏松症的关键指标。随着全球骨质疏松症患病率的上升，了解饮食模式与骨密度之间的关系对公众健康至关重要。本研究旨在利用美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的数据，探讨成年人中各种饮食模式与骨密度之间的关联。
对2013年至2020年三个非连续调查周期中8416名年龄在40岁及以上的NHANES参与者的数据进行分析。通过因子分析和聚类分析相结合的方法确定饮食模式。然后评估骨密度测量值，并分析其与确定的饮食模式之间的关联，同时对人口统计学变量进行调整。
分析确定了三种不同的饮食模式：“低蛋白-高膳食纤维-维生素A-镁（LP-HDF-Vit A-Mg）”、“高宏量营养素-胆碱-硒（HM-Cho-Se）”和“低宏量营养素-维生素D-钙（LM-Vit D-Ca）”，并且我们发现女性、老年人和某些种族群体骨密度低的风险更高。与遵循“LM-Vit D-Ca”模式的参与者相比，坚持“HM-Cho-Se”和“LP-HDF-Vit A-Mg”饮食模式的参与者骨密度显著更高。在调整人口统计学变量后，“HM-Cho-Se”模式与骨密度仍呈正相关，而“LM-Vit D-Ca”模式与骨密度或低骨密度风险无显著关联。
研究结果表明，坚持“HM-Cho-Se”饮食模式可能会降低骨密度低的风险，表明这些营养素在骨骼健康方面可能存在协同作用。然而，该研究存在局限性，包括横断面设计和因子分析中的潜在主观性。未来的研究应侧重于涉及不同年龄组的纵向研究，以更好地了解饮食模式与骨密度之间的因果关系。尽管存在这些局限性，该研究强调了饮食因素在维持骨骼健康中的重要性，并提出了潜在的饮食干预措施以降低骨密度低和骨质疏松症的风险。
