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埃塞俄比亚阿达马市饮用水水质及相关健康风险评估

Evaluation of drinking water quality and associated health risks in Adama City, Ethiopia.

作者信息

Beshir Abelkassim, Reddythota Daniel, Alemayehu Essays

机构信息

Faculty of Water Supply & Environmental Engineering, Arba Minch Water Technology Institute, Arba Minch University, Ethiopia.

Faculty of Water & Environmental Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Ethiopia.

出版信息

Heliyon. 2024 Aug 16;10(16):e36363. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36363. eCollection 2024 Aug 30.

DOI:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36363
PMID:39253186
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11381820/
Abstract

Drinking water deterioration causes to risk of public health which is essential to supply safe water to the public. This study assessed groundwater quality and health risks in Adama City by analyzing groundwater and chlorine samples. Ion photometry techniques detected anions and cations, ensuring accuracy with quality control protocols. Water Quality Index (WQI) and chlorine decay modeling via WaterGEMs assessed water quality. Hazard index (HI) calculations evaluated exposure risks; Pearson correlation analyzed physicochemical relationships. Findings highlighted water quality and hazards. Aquachem software analyzed Adama's groundwater, revealing high total alkalinity and potassium exceeding WHO limits. Other parameters (nitrate, nitrite, chloride, fluoride, and sulfate) met WHO standards. Sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, and boron also complied. Multivariate analysis showed significant parameter associations. Water types included Ca-Na-HCO (27.27 %), Na-Ca-HCO (36.36 %), Na-Ca-Mg-HCO, Na-HCO (9.09 % each), and Na-Mg-HCO (18.18 %). Drinking Water Quality Index rated boreholes as "Good." Health risk assessments found no significant fluoride, iron, or manganese risks across ages. Chlorine residual analysis indicated 74 % had levels below WHO recommendations, prompting chlorine dosing adjustments. Findings inform groundwater management in Adama City.

摘要

饮用水质量恶化会引发公共健康风险，因此为公众提供安全的饮用水至关重要。本研究通过分析地下水和氯样本，评估了阿达马市的地下水质量和健康风险。离子光度法技术检测了阴离子和阳离子，并通过质量控制协议确保了准确性。水质指数（WQI）和通过WaterGEMs进行的氯衰减模型评估了水质。危害指数（HI）计算评估了暴露风险；皮尔逊相关性分析了物理化学关系。研究结果突出了水质和危害情况。Aquachem软件分析了阿达马市的地下水，发现总碱度和钾含量过高，超过了世界卫生组织的限值。其他参数（硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氯化物、氟化物和硫酸盐）符合世界卫生组织标准。钠、钙、镁、铁、锰和硼也符合标准。多变量分析显示参数之间存在显著关联。水的类型包括Ca-Na-HCO（27.27%）、Na-Ca-HCO（36.36%）、Na-Ca-Mg-HCO、Na-HCO（各占9.09%）和Na-Mg-HCO（18.18%）。饮用水质量指数将钻孔评价为“良好”。健康风险评估发现，各年龄段的氟、铁或锰风险均不显著。氯残留分析表明，74%的氯含量低于世界卫生组织的建议值，这促使对氯投加量进行调整。研究结果为阿达马市的地下水管理提供了参考。

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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c4e9/11381820/3c548b5f02c9/gr7.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c4e9/11381820/b97f560894fb/gr8.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c4e9/11381820/a6d54c16e5d3/gr9.jpg
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