Fordham University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2024 Oct;39(19-20):4041-4064. doi: 10.1177/08862605241264542.
A literature review of recent prevalence and prospective studies on interpersonal violence (IPV) identifies a link among child abuse, intimate partner violence, and elder abuse that had not emerged from life-stage-specific studies on abuse, neglect, and violence against older persons. In line with a developmental understanding of IPV from a life course perspective, early life trauma is emerging as an explanatory theory of IPV across the life course. This paradigm shift in the field of elder abuse challenges more traditional explanations of IPV in old age, such as ageism, but opens up new opportunities for interventions leading to prevention and treatment of abuse, neglect, and violence against older adults. Prevalence studies that include older subjects and questions about violence experienced as children and younger adults consistently identify child abuse as a risk factor for IPV experienced in old age. Similarly, prospective studies on IPV that follow subjects from childhood to old age identify lifetime patterns of abuse. Qualitative studies of IPV in old age that include retrospective data suggest a link as well. IPV perpetrated against children and adults of all ages by persons in positions of trust can lead to trauma that has adverse lifelong behavioral and relational implications. This provides a link between trauma theory and violence against older people. Until recently, abuse, neglect, and violence were conceptualized differently based on the life stage of the victim. While historically the definitions for partner and non-partner violence diverged based on the life stage of victims, more recently this has begun to converge. Understanding violence from a life course and trauma-informed perspective better identifies risk factors and interventions for IPV against older adults. Intersectionality of age and gender variables demonstrate differences and similarities among populations studied.
对近期人际暴力（IPV）流行情况和前瞻性研究的文献回顾表明，儿童虐待、亲密伴侣暴力和老年虐待之间存在关联，而这种关联并未从针对老年人的虐待、忽视和暴力的特定生命阶段研究中显现出来。从生命历程的角度对 IPV 进行发展性理解，早期生活创伤正在成为贯穿生命历程的 IPV 的解释性理论。在虐待老年人领域，这种范式转变挑战了更传统的老年 IPV 解释，例如年龄歧视，但为干预措施提供了新的机会，从而可以预防和治疗对老年人的虐待、忽视和暴力。纳入老年受试者并询问他们在儿童和年轻时经历过的暴力问题的流行情况研究一致表明，儿童虐待是老年时经历 IPV 的一个风险因素。同样，对从儿童期到老年期的受试者进行的 IPV 前瞻性研究也确定了终生的虐待模式。纳入回顾性数据的老年 IPV 定性研究也表明存在关联。处于信任地位的人对所有年龄段的儿童和成年人实施的 IPV 会导致创伤，从而对终生的行为和人际关系产生不利影响。这为创伤理论与针对老年人的暴力之间提供了联系。直到最近，虐待、忽视和暴力才根据受害者的生命阶段进行不同的概念化。虽然历史上，基于受害者的生命阶段，伴侣和非伴侣暴力的定义有所不同，但最近这种情况开始趋同。从生命历程和创伤知情的角度理解暴力，可以更好地确定针对老年人的 IPV 的风险因素和干预措施。年龄和性别变量的交叉性表明了研究人群之间的差异和相似之处。
