Gao Yun, Wang Lei
Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
Front Nutr. 2024 Aug 27;11:1382068. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1382068. eCollection 2024.
Athletes frequently experience anxiety and depression at rates similar to or higher than non-athletes. A balanced diet can alleviate athletes internalizing symptoms. Moreover, diet and sleep are all associated with internalising symptoms. Our study investigates how sleep quality mediates the impact of dietary habits on internalizing symptoms in athletes.
The current cross-sectional study involved 758 Chinese young athletes. The adapted Australian Athletes Diet Index was used to assess dietary patterns, and sleep was measured using the Athletes Sleep Screening Questionnaire. The Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item scale were used to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis was used to examine the mediating role of sleep quality in young athletes. Raw scores of chronotypes, sleep quality, anxiety and depression were calculated for the statistical analysis.
No significant indirect effects were found in adolescents. In adult athletes, diet mediated the relationship between chronotype and sleep quality ( = -0.028, < 0.001). Sleep quality mediated the association between diet and anxiety ( = -0.060, = 0.001), and depression ( = -0.076, = 0.001). Additionally, diet and sleep quality mediated the association between chronotypes and anxiety ( = -0.028, = 0.001), and depression ( = -0.028, = 0.001).
Sleep quality mediated the relationship between dietary patterns and internalising symptoms in young adult athletes. Additionally, diet and sleep quality mediated the association between chronotypes and internalising symptoms in young adult athletes.
运动员经常经历焦虑和抑郁，其发生率与非运动员相似或更高。均衡饮食可以缓解运动员的内化症状。此外，饮食和睡眠都与内化症状有关。我们的研究调查了睡眠质量如何介导饮食习惯对运动员内化症状的影响。
当前的横断面研究涉及758名中国年轻运动员。采用改编后的澳大利亚运动员饮食指数评估饮食模式，使用运动员睡眠筛查问卷测量睡眠。使用广泛性焦虑障碍7项量表和患者健康问卷9项量表评估焦虑和抑郁症状。采用结构方程模型（SEM）分析来检验睡眠质量在年轻运动员中的中介作用。计算昼夜节律类型、睡眠质量、焦虑和抑郁的原始分数进行统计分析。
在青少年中未发现显著的间接效应。在成年运动员中，饮食介导了昼夜节律类型与睡眠质量之间的关系（β = -0.028，p < 0.001）。睡眠质量介导了饮食与焦虑之间的关联（β = -0.060，p = 0.001），以及饮食与抑郁之间的关联（β = -0.076，p = 0.001）。此外，饮食和睡眠质量介导了昼夜节律类型与焦虑之间的关联（β = -0.028，p = 0.001），以及昼夜节律类型与抑郁之间的关联（β = -0.028，p = 0.001）。
睡眠质量介导了年轻成年运动员饮食模式与内化症状之间的关系。此外，饮食和睡眠质量介导了年轻成年运动员昼夜节律类型与内化症状之间的关联。
