Outpatient Department, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing Fourth People's Hospital, Chongqing University Affiliated Central Hospital, Chongqing, China.
Department of Nursing, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing Fourth People's Hospital, Chongqing University Affiliated Central Hospital, Chongqing, China.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 May 31;103(22):e38094. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038094.
Patients with diabetes have physical and psychological issues due to chronic illness. According to the guidelines of the Chinese Diabetes Society, after the diagnosis of patients with diabetes, they should receive routine health education, but this is the passive installation method of education. Nurses have made important contributions to the follow-up, education, and support of patients with diabetes and their families. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led follow-up care in routine health education and follow-up for patients with diabetes. Medical records of 721 patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes were reviewed. Patients received nurse-led follow-up care including educational programs + Tai Chi exercises (patients received nurse-led follow-up care including educational programs for 6 months, n = 108), routine health education and follow-up + Tai Chi exercises (patients received routine health education and follow-up for 6 months, n = 205), or Tai Chi exercises only, but did not receive nurse-led follow-up care or routine health education and follow-up (patients received Tai Chi exercises only for 6 months, n = 408) for 6-months. The Zung Self-Rating Depression and Anxiety Scale and Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities were used to evaluate anxiety, depression, and self-care activities, respectively. Before the start of follow-up care (BFC), knowledge regarding diabetes and its threat was ≤1.75, anxiety and depression scores were ≥52 each, and self-care activities were ≤37. After 6 months of follow-up care, patients in the patients received nurse-led follow-up care including educational programs for 6 months improved their knowledge regarding diabetes and its threat, anxiety, depression, and self-care activities as compared to their before the start of follow-up care conditions and patients in the RF and patients received Tai Chi exercises only for 6 months at after 6 months of follow-up care conditions (P < .001 for all). Chinese type 1 or 2 diabetes patients had worse physical and psychological conditions and less knowledge regarding diabetes and its threat. Nurse-led aftercare, including educational programs with Tai Chi exercises for 6 months, decreased anxiety and depression and improved knowledge regarding diabetes and its threat and self-care activities in diabetic patients (Level of Evidence: IV; Technical Efficacy: Stage 5).
糖尿病患者由于慢性病而存在身体和心理问题。根据中国糖尿病协会的指南，糖尿病患者确诊后应接受常规健康教育，但这是教育的被动安装方式。护士对糖尿病患者及其家属的随访、教育和支持做出了重要贡献。本研究旨在评估护士主导的随访护理在常规健康教育和糖尿病患者随访中的效果。回顾了 721 例 1 型和 2 型糖尿病患者的病历。患者接受护士主导的随访护理，包括教育计划+太极拳练习（患者接受护士主导的随访护理 6 个月，n=108）、常规健康教育和随访+太极拳练习（患者接受常规健康教育和随访 6 个月，n=205）或仅接受太极拳练习，但未接受护士主导的随访护理或常规健康教育和随访（患者仅接受太极拳练习 6 个月，n=408）。使用 Zung 自评抑郁和焦虑量表和糖尿病自我护理活动总结分别评估焦虑、抑郁和自我护理活动。在开始随访护理之前（BFC），对糖尿病及其威胁的知识≤1.75，焦虑和抑郁评分≥52 分，自我护理活动≤37 分。经过 6 个月的随访护理，与开始随访护理前的条件相比，接受护士主导的教育计划随访护理 6 个月的患者改善了对糖尿病及其威胁的知识、焦虑、抑郁和自我护理活动，与接受常规健康教育和随访护理 6 个月的患者和接受太极拳练习 6 个月的患者相比，接受护士主导的教育计划随访护理 6 个月的患者在 6 个月的随访护理后条件下（所有 P<.001）。中国 1 型或 2 型糖尿病患者的身体和心理状况更差，对糖尿病及其威胁的了解也更少。护士主导的护理，包括为期 6 个月的教育计划和太极拳练习，可以减轻糖尿病患者的焦虑和抑郁，提高他们对糖尿病及其威胁的认识，以及自我护理活动的水平（证据水平：IV；技术功效：阶段 5）。
