School of International Business, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China.
School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
PLoS One. 2024 Sep 11;19(9):e0309656. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309656. eCollection 2024.
Inspired by the positive impact of service outsourcing in Chery and other enterprises on human resources, this paper explores the impact of service outsourcing on labor income share. This paper introduces a framework to analyze how value added is distributed between capital and labor along the mix of inputs from different countries and sectors participating in global value chains and examines the effect of service outsourcing on the labor share income. Using the World Input-Output Database (WIOD) and OECD Inter-Country Input-Output (OECD- ICIO) table, this paper utilizes the WWZ decomposition method of global value chains (GVCs) to quantify labor share income. The results show that: (1) service outsourcing significantly contributes to the increase in labor share income; (2) Offshore outsourcing had a statistically stronger effect on labor share income after the financial crisis, both compared to the past and to onshore outsourcing; (3) Offshore outsourcing has a higher coefficient in countries with low technology. For ease of comparison, only onshore outsourcing shows a statistically significant difference among various service types; (4) The analysis using Chinese data reveals that the coefficient of offshore outsourcing is negative and statistically significant, indicating that industries with higher levels of service outsourcing have a lower labor share income.
受奇瑞等企业服务外包对人力资源的积极影响启发，本文探讨了服务外包对劳动收入份额的影响。本文引入了一个框架，分析了在参与全球价值链的不同国家和部门的投入组合中，资本和劳动之间的附加值是如何分配的，并考察了服务外包对劳动收入份额的影响。本文利用世界投入产出数据库（WIOD）和经合组织国家间投入产出表（OECD-ICIO），采用全球价值链（GVC）的 WWZ 分解方法来量化劳动收入份额。结果表明：（1）服务外包显著促进了劳动收入份额的增加；（2）与过去和在岸外包相比，金融危机后离岸外包对劳动收入份额的影响具有统计学上的更强效应；（3）在技术水平较低的国家，离岸外包的系数更高。为便于比较，只有在岸外包在各种服务类型中表现出统计学上显著的差异；（4）利用中国数据进行的分析表明，离岸外包的系数为负且具有统计学意义，这表明服务外包程度较高的行业劳动收入份额较低。
