Guntoro Tri Setyo, Putra Miftah Fariz Prima
Postgraduate School of Sport Education, Universitas Cenderawasih, Jayapura, Indonesia.
Department of Sport Sciences, Universitas Cenderawasih, Jayapura, Indonesia.
F1000Res. 2023 Feb 13;12:169. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.129010.1. eCollection 2023.
: A systematic and comprehensive mental training program to enhance athletes' mental toughness is critical. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a set of athletes' systematic mental training programs. : A mental toughness training program was developed, and the validity and reliability were tested on experts, practitioners, and athletes. Training program was analyzed using content validity index (I-CVI and S-CVI) and modified Kappa ( ). Furthermore, estimation of reliability of mental training model was analyzed by internal consistency approach with Cronbach's alpha and inter-rater reliability (IRR) approach by using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). : A mental toughness training circle (MTTC) was successfully developed with four sections: general preparatory, specific preparatory, precompetitive, and competitive with 11 mental skills (positive thinking, mental log, goal-setting, breathing, relaxation, concentration, self-talk, mental imagery, leadership, managing anxiety, and managing emotions). Validation assessment found that the I-CVI and S-CVI values (S-CVI/Ave and S-CVI/UA) were 1.00, each suggesting excellent content validity. The modified Kappa value ( *) was 1 and categorized as excellent. The results of the reliability test using Cronbach's alpha showed that a value was in the range 0.723 to 0.835 with an overall value of 0.803. The results of the ICC analysis also confirmed that MTTC had a very high reliability coefficient value of 0.803. In addition, there was no significant difference from respondents' assessment as proved by obtaining value of =0.754 with a p=0.644 (>0.05). This suggested that respondents tend to be consistent in assessing MTTC as a mental training set which was categorized as relevant (scale 3) or very relevant (scale 4). : MTTC which has four sections with 11 mental skills is a set of mental training programs that have high quality. Further studies to validate this program in a bigger sample size is required.
制定一个系统全面的心理训练计划以增强运动员的心理韧性至关重要。本研究的目的是开发并验证一套针对运动员的系统心理训练计划。开发了一个心理韧性训练计划，并在专家、从业者和运动员身上测试了其有效性和可靠性。使用内容效度指数（I-CVI和S-CVI）和修正卡帕值（ ）对训练计划进行分析。此外，通过使用克朗巴哈系数的内部一致性方法和使用组内相关系数（ICC）的评分者间信度（IRR）方法分析心理训练模型的信度估计。成功开发了一个心理韧性训练圈（MTTC），它有四个部分：一般准备、专项准备、赛前和比赛阶段，包含11种心理技能（积极思考、心理记录、目标设定、呼吸、放松、专注、自我对话、心理意象、领导力、焦虑管理和情绪管理）。效度评估发现，I-CVI和S-CVI值（S-CVI/Ave和S-CVI/UA）均为1.00，表明内容效度极佳。修正卡帕值（*）为1，归类为优秀。使用克朗巴哈系数进行信度测试的结果表明，值在0.723至0.835范围内，总体值为0.803。ICC分析结果也证实MTTC的信度系数值非常高，为0.803。此外，通过获得 =0.754且p = =0.644（>0.05）证明，受访者的评估没有显著差异。这表明受访者在将MTTC评估为相关（3级）或非常相关（4级）的心理训练集时倾向于保持一致。MTTC有四个部分和11种心理技能，是一套高质量的心理训练计划。需要进一步研究以在更大样本量中验证该计划。
