Indrapura Emergency Field Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga-Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.
PLoS One. 2022 Jul 7;17(7):e0270966. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270966. eCollection 2022.
Despite abundant data on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, 3 important knowledge gaps continue to exist, i.e., 1) studies from low-/middle income countries (LMICs); 2) studies in the later period of the COVID-19 pandemic; and 3) studies on non-hospitalized asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients. To address the knowledge gaps, we assessed the prevalence of and the risk factors for mental health symptoms among non-hospitalized asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients in one LMIC (Indonesia) during the later period of the pandemic.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2020 in East Java province, Indonesia. Study population consisted of non-hospitalized asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients who were diagnosed based on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction results from nasopharyngeal swab. Mental health symptoms were evaluated using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21.
From 778 non-hospitalized asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients, 608 patients were included in the analysis. Patients' median age was 35 years old and 61.2% were male. Of these, 22 (3.6%) reported symptoms of depression, 87 (14.3%) reported symptoms of anxiety, and 48 (7.9%) reported symptoms of stress. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that females were more likely to report symptoms of stress (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.98, p-value = 0.028); healthcare workers were more likely to report symptoms of depression and anxiety (aOR = 5.57, p-value = 0.002 and aOR = 2.92, p-value = 0.014, respectively); and those with a recent history of self-quarantine were more likely to report symptoms of depression and stress (aOR 5.18, p = 0.004 and aOR = 1.86, p = 0.047, respectively).
The reported prevalence of mental health symptoms, especially depression, was relatively low among non-hospitalized asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients during the later period of the COVID-19 pandemic in East Java province, Indonesia. In addition, several risk factors have been identified.
尽管有大量关于 COVID-19 大流行期间心理健康的资料，但仍存在 3 个重要的知识空白，即 1）来自低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）的研究；2）在 COVID-19 大流行后期的研究；3）对非住院无症状和轻症 COVID-19 患者的研究。为了解决这些知识空白，我们评估了在大流行后期，印度尼西亚一个低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）中，非住院无症状和轻症 COVID-19 患者的心理健康症状的患病率和危险因素。
这是一项横断面研究，于 2020 年 9 月在印度尼西亚东爪哇省进行。研究人群由根据鼻咽拭子逆转录-聚合酶链反应结果诊断为非住院无症状和轻症 COVID-19 的患者组成。使用抑郁焦虑压力量表-21 评估心理健康症状。
在 778 名非住院无症状和轻症 COVID-19 患者中，有 608 名患者纳入分析。患者的中位年龄为 35 岁，61.2%为男性。其中，22 名（3.6%）报告有抑郁症状，87 名（14.3%）报告有焦虑症状，48 名（7.9%）报告有压力症状。多变量逻辑回归分析显示，女性更有可能报告有压力症状（调整后的优势比（aOR）=1.98，p 值=0.028）；医务人员更有可能报告有抑郁和焦虑症状（aOR=5.57，p 值=0.002 和 aOR=2.92，p 值=0.014）；最近有自我隔离史的人更有可能报告有抑郁和压力症状（aOR=5.18，p=0.004 和 aOR=1.86，p=0.047）。
在印度尼西亚东爪哇省 COVID-19 大流行后期，非住院无症状和轻症 COVID-19 患者报告的心理健康症状（特别是抑郁）的患病率相对较低。此外，还确定了一些危险因素。
