Kaufman Matt, Dyrek Paige, Fredericson Michael, Oppezzo Marily, Roche Megan, Frehlich Levi, Noordsy Douglas
Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA (MK, PD, MF).
Department of Medicine, Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA (MO).
Am J Lifestyle Med. 2023 Sep 14;18(4):574-591. doi: 10.1177/15598276231201555. eCollection 2024 Jul-Aug.
Dementia, or major neurocognitive disorder, is one of the most common causes of disability and dependency in older adults with far-reaching social, physical, and economic impacts. In the absence of adequate treatment, much research has been directed towards prevention. Physical exercise has been shown to increase cerebral blood flow, amplify production of neurotrophic factors, and enhance brain volume. Whether these changes on a structural and cellular level result in cognitive preservation is less clear. This systematic review synthesizes findings from seventeen randomized controlled trials that examine the effects of physical activity on global cognition, memory, and executive function in older adults. Cognitive benefits of exercise are strongest for those who are cognitively intact or with mild cognitive impairment. In studies with long-term follow up, cognitive gains tended to decay after cessation of physical intervention suggesting that sustained physical exercise may be required to preserve cognitive function in older adults prior to onset of dementia.
痴呆症，即重度神经认知障碍，是老年人残疾和依赖他人的最常见原因之一，具有深远的社会、身体和经济影响。在缺乏充分治疗的情况下，许多研究都致力于预防。体育锻炼已被证明可以增加脑血流量、增强神经营养因子的产生并增加脑容量。这些结构和细胞水平的变化是否会导致认知能力的保持尚不清楚。本系统评价综合了17项随机对照试验的结果，这些试验研究了体育活动对老年人整体认知、记忆和执行功能的影响。运动对认知的益处对于认知功能完好或有轻度认知障碍的人最为明显。在长期随访研究中，停止体育干预后，认知能力的提高往往会衰退，这表明在痴呆症发病之前，可能需要持续进行体育锻炼来保持老年人的认知功能。
