López Fernández Pablo Ángel, Martínez Álvarez Ana, Ballester Ferran, Soler Blasco Raquel, Estarlich Marisa
Departamento de salud Valencia Clínico-Malvarrosa. València. España.
Departamento de Enfermería, Universitat de València. València. España.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2024 Sep 5;98:e202409048.
Air pollution is a global public health issue, with particulate matter (PM) being the pollutant with the greatest impact on health. The main objective of this article was to estimate the impact of mortality attributable to particulate pollution in the city of Valencia during the period 2015-2017.
The Health Impact Assessment (HIA) methodology from the Aphekom project was used. Scenarios of a 5 µg/m reduction in the annual mean concentration of PM and PM were employed, along with the assumption of meeting the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations in effect during the study period, to estimate both short- and long-term impacts.
The estimated average concentrations for 2015-2017 were 18.4 µg/m for PM and 12.3 µg/m for PM. The short-term HIA, assuming a reduction of 5 µg/m in the averages, resulted in a total of 65.4 premature deaths that could be postponed during that period (21.8 annually), corresponding to a rate of 2.8 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants. In the long term, if PM concentrations had been reduced by 5 µg/m, 124 premature deaths could have been postponed annually.
The annual average concentrations of these pollutants meet the limits set by European regulations. However, compared to WHO recommendations, PM levels are higher by 2.3 µg/m. An air quality scenario in line with WHO recommendations would have resulted in a reduction of 122 premature deaths annually.
空气污染是一个全球公共卫生问题，其中颗粒物（PM）是对健康影响最大的污染物。本文的主要目的是估计2015 - 2017年期间巴伦西亚市因颗粒物污染导致的死亡率影响。
采用了阿菲科姆项目的健康影响评估（HIA）方法。采用了将PM和PM的年平均浓度降低5μg/m³的情景，以及假设在研究期间符合世界卫生组织（WHO）建议的情况，来估计短期和长期影响。
2015 - 2017年的估计平均浓度为PM为18.4μg/m³，PM为12.3μg/m³。短期健康影响评估假设平均值降低5μg/m³，结果在该期间总共可避免65.4例过早死亡（每年21.8例），相当于每10万居民中有2.8例死亡。从长期来看，如果PM浓度降低5μg/m³，每年可避免124例过早死亡。
这些污染物的年平均浓度符合欧洲法规设定的限值。然而，与WHO的建议相比，PM水平高出2.3μg/m³。符合WHO建议的空气质量情景每年可减少122例过早死亡。
