ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.
Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
PLoS One. 2024 Aug 30;19(8):e0305236. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305236. eCollection 2024.
Air pollution is a major health risk factor. Ports might be an understudied source of air pollution.
We conducted a spatial health impact assessment (HIA) of port-sourced air pollution for Barcelona for 2017 at the neighbourhood level. Total NO2 and PM10 and port-sourced NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were available through the ADMS-Urban model. Population data, mortality and morbidity data, and risk estimates were obtained. We followed standard HIA methodologies and calculated relative risks and impact fractions for 1.35 million adults living in 73 neighbourhoods.
The city-wide mean total NO2 and PM10 concentrations were 37.88 μg/m3 (range: 19.61-52.17 μg/m3) and 21.68 μg/m3 (range: 17.33-26.69 μg/m3), respectively, of which 7% (range: 2-36%) and 1% (range: 0-7%) were port-sourced, respectively. The mean port-sourced PM2.5 concentration was 0.19 μg/m3 (range: 0.06-1.38 μg/m3). We estimated that 1,123 (PI: 0-3,060) and 1,230 (95% CI: 0-2,566) premature deaths were attributable to total NO2 and PM10, respectively, of which 8.1% (91; PI: 0-264) and 1.1% (13; 95% CI 0-29) were attributable to port-sourced NO2 and PM10, respectively. 20 (95% CI: 15-26) premature deaths were attributable to port-sourced PM2.5. Additionally, a considerable morbidity burden and losses in life expectancy were attributable to port-sourced air pollution. Neighbourhoods closest to the port in the south-east were most adversely affected, gradually decreasing towards the north-west.
The port is an understudied air pollution source in Barcelona with strong health impacts. Cities need local insight into health risk factors, their sources, attributable burdens and distributions for defining targeted policies.
空气污染是一个主要的健康风险因素。港口可能是一个研究不足的空气污染来源。
我们对 2017 年巴塞罗那港口造成的空气污染进行了邻里层面的空间健康影响评估（HIA）。通过 ADMS-Urban 模型获得了总二氧化氮（NO2）和 PM10 以及港口来源的 NO2、PM10 和 PM2.5 浓度。获取了人口数据、死亡率和发病率数据以及风险估计。我们遵循标准的 HIA 方法，为居住在 73 个邻里的 135 万成年人计算了相对风险和影响分数。
全市总 NO2 和 PM10 浓度分别为 37.88μg/m3（范围：19.61-52.17μg/m3）和 21.68μg/m3（范围：17.33-26.69μg/m3），其中分别有 7%（范围：2-36%）和 1%（范围：0-7%）是港口来源的。PM2.5 的平均港口来源浓度为 0.19μg/m3（范围：0.06-1.38μg/m3）。我们估计，总 NO2 和 PM10 分别导致 1123（PI：0-3060）和 1230（95%CI：0-2566）例过早死亡，其中分别有 8.1%（91；PI：0-264）和 1.1%（13；95%CI 0-29）归因于港口来源的 NO2 和 PM10。20 例（95%CI：15-26）过早死亡归因于港口来源的 PM2.5。此外，港口造成的空气污染还造成了相当大的发病率负担和预期寿命损失。位于东南部最靠近港口的邻里受到的影响最大，逐渐向西北方向减弱。
港口是巴塞罗那一个研究不足的空气污染来源，对健康有重大影响。城市需要了解当地的健康风险因素、它们的来源、可归因的负担和分布情况，以便制定有针对性的政策。
