Fresen Karl-Ferdinand, Gaballah Ramy, Schill Helen Irini, Amend Stefanie, Sarpari Kousha, Pitchika Vinay, Krämer Norbert, Kühnisch Jan
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Medical Centre for Dentistry, University Medical Centre Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Caries Res. 2025;59(2):87-97. doi: 10.1159/000541351. Epub 2024 Sep 12.
The aim of this cross-sectional epidemiological study was to record caries and enamel hypomineralisation (EH), including molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), and assess associations between both entities in 8- to 10-year-olds from Bavaria, Germany.
A total of 5,418 children (mean age 9.8 years; 2,726 females, 2,692 males) were examined using the dmft/DMFT index with additional inclusion of initial or non-cavitated carious lesions (it/IT). EHs were recorded in the primary (eh) and permanent dentition (EH), and individuals with different EH phenotypes were determined as follows: at least one EH, at least one hypomineralised second primary molar (HSPM), at least one hypomineralised first permanent molar (MIH), and at least one hypomineralised first permanent molar and incisor (M+IH). Multiple logistic regression models were constructed to assess association between caries and EH.
The percentage of children without caries in the permanent dentition (DMF = 0) was 88.9%. When data regarding initial carious lesions were included (IDMF = 0), the prevalence decreased to 75.7%. The caries experience was idmf/t = 1.6 and the IDMF/T = 0.6. The mean number of carious teeth in subjects with no eh/EH was higher than that in subjects with HSPM, MIH, or M+IH. The presence of HSPM, MIH, and M+IH was associated with a significantly lower probability of caries in the permanent dentition; the corresponding adjusted odds ratios were 0.55 (95% CI: 0.41-0.75), 0.67 (95% CI: 0.56-0.81), and 0.54 (95% CI: 0.41-0.72), respectively.
Caries and EH are prevalent conditions in 8- to 10-year-old Bavarian schoolchildren; both dental diseases were negatively associated with each other.
这项横断面流行病学研究的目的是记录龋齿和釉质矿化不全（EH），包括磨牙-切牙矿化不全（MIH），并评估德国巴伐利亚州8至10岁儿童中这两种情况之间的关联。
共检查了5418名儿童（平均年龄9.8岁；女性2726名，男性2692名），使用dmft/DMFT指数，并额外纳入初始或非龋洞性龋损（it/IT）。记录乳牙（eh）和恒牙列（EH）中的釉质矿化不全情况，具有不同EH表型的个体确定如下：至少一处EH、至少一颗矿化不全的第二乳磨牙（HSPM）、至少一颗矿化不全的第一恒磨牙（MIH）以及至少一颗矿化不全的第一恒磨牙和切牙（M+IH）。构建多重逻辑回归模型以评估龋齿与EH之间的关联。
恒牙列中无龋齿（DMF = 0）的儿童百分比为88.9%。当纳入初始龋损数据（IDMF = 0）时，患病率降至75.7%。龋病经历为idmf/t = 1.6，IDMF/T = 0.6。无eh/EH的受试者中龋齿的平均数量高于患有HSPM、MIH或M+IH的受试者。HSPM、MIH和M+IH的存在与恒牙列中龋齿的发生概率显著降低相关；相应的调整优势比分别为0.55（95%CI：0.41 - 0.75）、0.67（95%CI：0.56 - 0.81）和0.54（95%CI：0.41 - 0.72）。
龋齿和EH在巴伐利亚州8至10岁学童中普遍存在；这两种牙科疾病呈负相关。
