体力活动与阿尔茨海默病和脑健康标志物的不可变风险因素之间的关系：一项英国生物银行研究。

The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors on Alzheimer's Disease and Brain Health Markers: A UK Biobank Study.

机构信息

School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.

Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Applied Health Research, Public Health Building, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.

出版信息

J Alzheimers Dis. 2024;101(4):1029-1042. doi: 10.3233/JAD-240269.

DOI:10.3233/JAD-240269

PMID:39269836

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11492105/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Modifiable (physical activity) and non-modifiable (sex and genotype) risk factors interact to affect Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Further investigation is necessary to understand if these factors influence brain volume and cognition.

OBJECTIVE

The study aimed to assess the effect of physical activity, APOE genotype, and sex on AD risk, brain volume, and cognition.

METHODS

UK Biobank data from 2006 to 2023 was accessed. Physical activity was measured by accelerometers, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Outcomes were AD incidence; brain volume (ventricular cerebrospinal fluid and total brain); and cognition (executive function, memory, visuospatial ability, processing speed, and reaction time). Logistic and linear regression models were conducted.

RESULTS

69,060 participants met inclusion criteria (mean age: 62.28 years, SD: 7.84; 54.64% female). Higher self-reported (OR = 0.63, 95% CI [0.40, 1.00], p = 0.047) and accelerometer-assessed (OR = 0.96 [0.93, 0.98], p = 0.002) physical activity was associated with lower disease incidence. Smaller ventricular cerebrospinal fluid volume (β= - 65.43 [- 109.68, - 17.40], p = 0.007), and larger total brain volume (β= 4398.46 [165.11, 8631.82], p < 0.001) was associated with increased accelerometer-assessed and self-reported physical activity respectively. Both brain volume analyses were moderated by sex. Increased accelerometer-assessed physical activity levels were associated with faster reaction time (β= - 0.43 [- 0.68, - 0.18], p = 0.001); though poorer visuospatial ability (β= - 0.06 [- 0.09, - 0.03], p < 0.001), and executive function (β= 0.49 [0.31, 0.66], p < 0.001; β= 0.27 [0.10, 0.45], p = 0.002) was related to self-reported physical activity levels.

CONCLUSIONS

Higher levels of physical activity reduce AD risk independently of non-modifiable risk factors. Moderation of sex on brain volume highlighted the importance of incorporating non-modifiable risk factors in analysis.

摘要

背景

可改变的（体力活动）和不可改变的（性别和基因型）风险因素相互作用，影响阿尔茨海默病（AD）的风险。有必要进一步研究这些因素是否会影响大脑体积和认知能力。

目的

本研究旨在评估体力活动、APOE 基因型和性别对 AD 风险、大脑体积和认知的影响。

方法

使用 2006 年至 2023 年的英国生物银行数据。体力活动通过加速度计和国际体力活动问卷进行测量。结果是 AD 的发病率；大脑体积（脑室脑脊液和总脑）；以及认知（执行功能、记忆、视空间能力、处理速度和反应时间）。进行了逻辑回归和线性回归模型。

结果

69060 名参与者符合纳入标准（平均年龄：62.28 岁，标准差：7.84；54.64%为女性）。较高的自我报告（OR=0.63，95%CI[0.40，1.00]，p=0.047）和加速度计评估（OR=0.96[0.93，0.98]，p=0.002）体力活动与较低的疾病发病率相关。较小的脑室脑脊液体积（β=-65.43[-109.68，-17.40]，p=0.007）和较大的总脑体积（β=4398.46[165.11，8631.82]，p<0.001）与加速度计评估和自我报告的体力活动增加分别相关。这两种大脑体积分析都受到性别的调节。较高的加速度计评估的体力活动水平与更快的反应时间相关（β=-0.43[-0.68，-0.18]，p=0.001）；尽管较差的视空间能力（β=-0.06[-0.09，-0.03]，p<0.001）和执行功能（β=0.49[0.31，0.66]，p<0.001；β=0.27[0.10，0.45]，p=0.002）与自我报告的体力活动水平有关。