Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Moore Hall, 3 Maynard St, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
Department of Psychology, Columbia University, 1190 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Cereb Cortex. 2024 Sep 3;34(9). doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhae368.
Political partisanship is often conceived as a lens through which people view politics. Behavioral research has distinguished two types of "partisan lenses"-policy-based and identity-based-that may influence peoples' perception of political events. Little is known, however, about the mechanisms through which partisan discourse appealing to policy beliefs or targeting partisan identities operate within individuals. We addressed this question by collecting neuroimaging data while participants watched videos of speakers expressing partisan views. A "partisan lens effect" was identified as the difference in neural synchrony between each participant's brain response and that of their partisan ingroup vs. outgroup. When processing policy-based messaging, a partisan lens effect was observed in socio-political reasoning and affective responding brain regions. When processing negative identity-based attacks, a partisan lens effect was observed in mentalizing and affective responding brain regions. These data suggest that the processing of political discourse that appeals to different forms of partisanship is supported by related but distinguishable neural-and therefore psychological-mechanisms, which may have implications for how we characterize partisanship and ameliorate its deleterious impacts.
政治党派偏见通常被视为人们看待政治的一种视角。行为研究已经区分了两种“党派偏见视角”——基于政策的和基于身份认同的，它们可能会影响人们对政治事件的看法。然而，对于在个体内部，党派言论诉诸政策信仰或针对党派身份的运作机制，我们知之甚少。我们通过收集参与者观看演讲者表达党派观点的视频时的神经影像学数据来解决这个问题。“党派偏见视角效应”被定义为每个参与者的大脑反应与他们的党派内群体和外群体的大脑反应之间的差异。当处理基于政策的信息时，会在社会政治推理和情感反应的大脑区域观察到党派偏见视角效应。当处理负面的基于身份认同的攻击时，会在心理理论和情感反应的大脑区域观察到党派偏见视角效应。这些数据表明，吸引不同形式党派偏见的政治话语的处理是由相关但可区分的神经和心理机制支持的，这可能对我们如何描述党派偏见以及减轻其有害影响具有重要意义。
