Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Aug 26;25(17):9244. doi: 10.3390/ijms25179244.
Lipid disorders increase the risk for the development of cardiometabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. Lipids levels, apart from diet, smoking, obesity, alcohol consumption, and lack of exercise, are also influenced by genetic factors. Recent studies suggested the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of lipid formation and metabolism. Despite their lack of protein-coding capacity, lncRNAs are crucial regulators of various physiological and pathological processes since they affect the transcription and epigenetic chromatin remodelling. LncRNAs act as molecular signal, scaffold, decoy, enhancer, and guide molecules. This review summarises available data concerning the impact of lncRNAs on lipid levels and metabolism, as well as impact on cardiovascular disease risk. This relationship is significant because altered lipid metabolism is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and lncRNAs may play a crucial regulatory role. Understanding these mechanisms could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies to mitigate cardiovascular disease risk through targeted modulation of lncRNAs. The identification of dysregulated lncRNAs may pose promising candidates for therapeutic interventions, since strategies enabling the restoration of their levels could offer an effective means to impede disease progression without disrupting normal biological functions. LncRNAs may also serve as valuable biomarker candidates for various pathological states, including cardiovascular disease. However, still much remains unknown about the functions of most lncRNAs, thus extensive studies are necessary elucidate their roles in physiology, development, and disease.
脂代谢紊乱会增加发生心血管代谢疾病的风险，包括 2 型糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化和心血管疾病。除了饮食、吸烟、肥胖、饮酒和缺乏运动等因素外，脂类水平还受遗传因素的影响。最近的研究表明，长链非编码 RNA（lncRNA）在脂质形成和代谢的调控中起作用。尽管 lncRNA 缺乏编码蛋白的能力，但它们作为分子信号、支架、诱饵、增强子和指导分子，对各种生理和病理过程具有重要的调节作用。本文综述了有关 lncRNA 对脂质水平和代谢的影响及其对心血管疾病风险的影响的现有数据。这种关系很重要，因为脂质代谢紊乱是心血管疾病的一个众所周知的危险因素，而 lncRNA 可能发挥着关键的调节作用。了解这些机制可能为通过靶向调节 lncRNA 来减轻心血管疾病风险开辟新的治疗策略。鉴定失调的 lncRNA 可能为治疗干预提供有前途的候选物，因为恢复其水平的策略可能是阻止疾病进展而不破坏正常生物学功能的有效手段。lncRNA 也可能成为各种病理状态（包括心血管疾病）的有价值的生物标志物候选物。然而，大多数 lncRNA 的功能仍知之甚少，因此需要进行广泛的研究来阐明它们在生理、发育和疾病中的作用。
