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吲哚-硫脲衍生物作为酪氨酸酶抑制剂的发现:合成、生物评价、动力学研究和计算机模拟分析。

Discovery of Indole-Thiourea Derivatives as Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, Kinetic Studies, and In Silico Analysis.

机构信息

Jeju Inside Agency and Cosmetic Science Center, Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.

Department of Beauty and Cosmetology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.

出版信息

Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Sep 5;25(17):9636. doi: 10.3390/ijms25179636.

Abstract

Tyrosinase, a key enzyme in melanin synthesis, represents a crucial therapeutic target for hyperpigmentation disorders due to excessive melanin production. This study aimed to design and evaluate a series of indole-thiourea derivatives by conjugating thiosemicarbazones with strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity to indole. Among these derivatives, compound demonstrated tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC of 5.9 ± 2.47 μM, outperforming kojic acid (IC = 16.4 ± 3.53 μM). Kinetic studies using Lineweaver-Burk plots confirmed competitive inhibition by compound . Its favorable ADMET and drug-likeness properties make compound a promising therapeutic candidate with a reduced risk of toxicity. Molecular docking revealed that the compounds bind strongly to mushroom tyrosinase (mTYR) and human tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), with compound showing superior binding energies of -7.0 kcal/mol (mTYR) and -6.5 kcal/mol (TYRP1), surpassing both kojic acid and tropolone. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated the stability of the mTYR- complex with low RMSD and RMSF and consistent Rg and SASA values. Persistent strong hydrogen bonds with mTYR, along with favorable Gibbs free energy and MM/PBSA calculations (-19.37 kcal/mol), further support stable protein-ligand interactions. Overall, compound demonstrated strong tyrosinase inhibition and favorable pharmacokinetics, highlighting its potential for treating pigmentary disorders.

摘要

酪氨酸酶是黑色素合成的关键酶,由于黑色素产生过多,它是治疗色素沉着障碍的重要治疗靶点。本研究旨在通过将具有强酪氨酸酶抑制活性的硫代半卡巴腙与吲哚偶联来设计和评估一系列吲哚-硫脲衍生物。在这些衍生物中,化合物 表现出 5.9±2.47μM 的酪氨酸酶抑制活性,优于曲酸(IC=16.4±3.53μM)。Lineweaver-Burk 图的动力学研究证实化合物 是竞争性抑制剂。其良好的 ADMET 和类药性特性使化合物 成为一种有前途的治疗候选物,降低了毒性风险。分子对接表明,这些化合物与蘑菇酪氨酸酶(mTYR)和人酪氨酸酶相关蛋白 1(TYRP1)结合牢固,化合物 对 mTYR 和 TYRP1 的结合能分别为-7.0 kcal/mol 和-6.5 kcal/mol,优于曲酸和tropolone。分子动力学模拟表明 mTYR- 复合物具有低 RMSD 和 RMSF 以及一致的 Rg 和 SASA 值,稳定性良好。与 mTYR 持续的强氢键以及有利的吉布斯自由能和 MM/PBSA 计算(-19.37 kcal/mol)进一步支持稳定的蛋白-配体相互作用。总之,化合物 表现出强烈的酪氨酸酶抑制作用和良好的药代动力学特性,这表明其在治疗色素沉着障碍方面具有潜力。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/09f0/11394742/032902bb2ce4/ijms-25-09636-g001.jpg

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