Černe Kolarič Jožica, Plemenitaš Ilješ Anja, Kraner Darja, Gönc Vida, Lorber Mateja, Mlinar Reljić Nataša, Fekonja Zvonka, Kmetec Sergej
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor, Žitna ulica 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
Department of Psychiatry, University Clinical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Sep 2;12(17):1750. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12171750.
The review examines the long-term impact of community psychiatric care on improving the quality of life of people with schizophrenia. It addresses the global burden of this disorder and the need for effective community-based care strategies. A systematic literature search was conducted in databases such as CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science, Sage and ScienceDirect, with the search lasting until March 2024 and following the PRISMA guidelines. The inclusion criteria targeted studies that addressed the long-term effects of community mental health care for people aged 18 years and older with schizophrenia and included both quantitative and qualitative research designs. Studies unrelated to the research question or with significant methodological flaws were excluded. The risk of bias was assessed using GRADE and GRADECERqual, in addition to critical appraisal using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklists. Independent screening and data extraction was performed, with results summarised by thematic analysis. In total, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria and included cross-sectional, cohort, qualitative and randomised controlled trial designs. The results showed that community psychiatric care significantly improves the quality of life, well-being and social integration of people with schizophrenia. Effective interventions identified include psychoeducation, cognitive behavioural therapy, social skills training and individualised care plans. However, challenges such as limited resources, labour shortages and social stigma, particularly in low-income neighbourhoods, were also identified. This study highlights the importance of continuous, personalised, multidisciplinary community-based care for sustainable mental health outcomes. Further research is recommended to investigate the long-term impact and strategies to overcome implementation challenges.
该综述探讨了社区精神科护理对改善精神分裂症患者生活质量的长期影响。它阐述了这种疾病的全球负担以及有效社区护理策略的必要性。在CINAHL、Medline、Web of Science、Sage和ScienceDirect等数据库中进行了系统的文献检索，检索持续到2024年3月，并遵循PRISMA指南。纳入标准针对的是研究18岁及以上精神分裂症患者社区精神卫生护理长期影响的研究，包括定量和定性研究设计。与研究问题无关或存在重大方法缺陷的研究被排除。除了使用乔安娜·布里格斯研究所（JBI）清单进行批判性评价外，还使用GRADE和GRADECERqual评估偏倚风险。进行了独立筛选和数据提取，并通过主题分析总结结果。共有11项研究符合纳入标准，包括横断面研究、队列研究、定性研究和随机对照试验设计。结果表明，社区精神科护理显著提高了精神分裂症患者的生活质量、幸福感和社会融合度。确定的有效干预措施包括心理教育、认知行为疗法、社交技能培训和个性化护理计划。然而，也发现了一些挑战，如资源有限、劳动力短缺和社会耻辱感，尤其是在低收入社区。这项研究强调了持续、个性化、多学科的社区护理对可持续精神健康结果的重要性。建议进一步研究以调查长期影响以及克服实施挑战的策略。
