State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
Molecules. 2024 Sep 1;29(17):4154. doi: 10.3390/molecules29174154.
The Tibetan medicinal fruit E'seguo originates from two species, (Rehd.) Hughes and (Batal.) Schneid, both unique to the Hengduan Mountains. These species are predominantly found in high-altitude regions of Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan Province, particularly in the Xianshui River and Yalong River basins. (Rehd.) Hughes is far more abundant in both resource quantity and distribution compared to (Batal.) Schneid. However, the nutritional and medicinal differences between the two remain unclear, which significantly impacts the development and utilization of E'seguo resources. This study aimed to measure the mineral content, nutritional components, and medicinal properties of E'seguo from 12 different regions of Ganzi Prefecture to explore the quality differences between these two species and across different regions. ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) was used to determine the mineral content, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and potentiometric titration to analyze nutritional indicators, and HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) to measure the medicinal components L-malic acid and 2----glucopyranosyl--ascorbic acid (AA-2G). Results indicate that (Batal.) Schneid contains higher levels of K, Ca, Zn, Mg, and Cu compared to (Rehd.) Hughes, which has higher Fe and Mn content. (Rehd.) Hughes from the Kangding and Litang regions showed the highest mineral content, with mineral elements primarily influencing polysaccharide levels, according to Mantel analysis. Nutritional and medicinal analyses revealed that (Rehd.) Hughes outperformed (Batal.) Schneid in all metrics except for the sugar-acid ratio. Given the mineral content and taste, (Batal.) Schneid is better suited for consumption, while (Rehd.) Hughes has superior medicinal properties, making it more appropriate for medicinal use. In the (Batal.) Schneid regions, both Luhuo and Daofu are in the Xianshui River basin, with Daofu County producing the higher quality fruit. Among the nine (Rehd.) Hughes regions, the M10 (Tuoba Township, Ganzi County) near the Yalong River had the highest overall score, followed by M7 (Yade Township, Luhuo County) and M6 (Keke, Xiala Tuo Town, Luhuo County), both of which are near the Xianshui River. In summary, (Batal.) Schneid generally has higher mineral content, but (Rehd.) Hughes has larger fruit and higher medicinal value, making the latter more suitable as a medicinal resource. At the same time, the medicinal quality of Xianshui River fruit was higher in the two watersheds of (Rehd.) Hughes.
藏药水果“俄色果”来源于两种植物，即 （Rehd.）Hughes 和 （Batal.）Schneid，它们均为横断山脉特有物种。这些物种主要分布在四川省甘孜州高海拔地区，特别是在鲜水河和雅砻江流域。 （Rehd.）Hughes 的资源数量和分布范围都远远超过 （Batal.）Schneid。然而，两者之间的营养和药用差异尚不清楚，这对俄色果资源的开发和利用产生了重大影响。本研究旨在测量来自甘孜州 12 个不同地区的俄色果的矿物质含量、营养成分和药用特性，以探索这两个物种以及不同地区之间的质量差异。本研究采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定矿物质含量，采用紫外可见分光光度法和电位滴定法分析营养指标，采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定药用成分 L-苹果酸和 2----葡萄糖基----抗坏血酸（AA-2G）。结果表明， （Batal.）Schneid 中的 K、Ca、Zn、Mg 和 Cu 含量高于 （Rehd.）Hughes，而 （Rehd.）Hughes 中的 Fe 和 Mn 含量较高。康定和理塘地区的 （Rehd.）Hughes 表现出最高的矿物质含量，Mantel 分析表明，矿物质元素主要影响多糖水平。营养和药用分析表明， （Rehd.）Hughes 在除糖酸比外的所有指标上均优于 （Batal.）Schneid。考虑到矿物质含量和口感， （Batal.）Schneid 更适合食用，而 （Rehd.）Hughes 具有更好的药用特性，更适合药用。在 （Batal.）Schneid 地区，炉霍和道孚均位于鲜水河流域，道孚县生产的果实质量更高。在 9 个 （Rehd.）Hughes 地区中，雅砻江附近的 M10（甘孜县拖坝乡）总体得分最高，其次是 M7（炉霍县雅德乡）和 M6（炉霍县可儿乡下拉拖镇），这两个地区均靠近鲜水河。综上所述， （Batal.）Schneid 一般具有较高的矿物质含量，但 （Rehd.）Hughes 的果实更大，药用价值更高，因此后者更适合作为药用资源。同时，鲜水河流域的 （Rehd.）Hughes 果实药用品质更高。
