College of Life Science, Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China.
Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Xichang 615000, China.
Molecules. 2024 Sep 5;29(17):4219. doi: 10.3390/molecules29174219.
Chinese leaves, rich in verbascosides, were extracted using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and wall-breaking extraction (WBE) with deep eutectic solvents (Optimal UAE: 55 min, 200 mL/g liquid-solid ratio, 20% moisture, yielding 206.23 ± 0.58 mg GAE/g total phenolic content (TPC) and 1.59 ± 0.04% verbascoside yield (VAY); Optimal WBE: 140 s, 210 mL/g, 30% moisture, giving 210.69 ± 0.97 mg GAE/g TPC and 1.33 ± 0.2% VAY). HPLC analysis showed that young leaves accumulated higher TPC and phenolic compounds. Among the five olive varieties, Koroneiki and Chemlal showed the highest TPC in UAE, while Arbosana and Chemlal excelled in WBE. WBE yielded a higher TPC and rutin, whereas UAE marginally increased other phenolics. Additionally, the DPPH assay showed that WBE-extracted verbascoside-rich extracts (VREs) of Chemlal exhibited high antioxidant activity (EC of 57 mg/mL), but Koroneiki-VREs exhibited lower activity against the ABTS radical (EC of 134 mg/mL). Remarkably, the UAE/WBE-extracted Chemlal-VREs promoted the normal esophageal Het-1A cell line at 25 μg/mL for 24 h; yet, the esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells were sensibly inhibited, especially at 50 μg/mL; and the cell viability decreased dramatically. The results confirmed WBE as a relatively efficient method, and the Chemlal variety may be an excellent source of verbascoside.
中文叶，富含毛蕊花糖苷，采用超声辅助提取（UAE）和破壁提取（WBE）与深共晶溶剂（最佳 UAE：55 分钟，200 毫升/克固液比，20%水分，产率 206.23 ± 0.58 毫克 GAE/克总酚含量（TPC）和 1.59 ± 0.04%毛蕊花糖苷产率（VAY）；最佳 WBE：140 秒，210 毫升/克，30%水分，得到 210.69 ± 0.97 毫克 GAE/克 TPC 和 1.33 ± 0.2%VAY）。HPLC 分析表明，嫩叶积累了更高的 TPC 和酚类化合物。在五种油橄榄品种中，科罗内利和 Chemlal 在 UAE 中表现出最高的 TPC，而 Arbosana 和 Chemlal 在 WBE 中表现出色。WBE 产生了更高的 TPC 和芦丁，而 UAE 则略微增加了其他酚类物质。此外，DPPH 测定表明，WBE 提取的富含毛蕊花糖苷的提取物（VRE）Chemlal 表现出高抗氧化活性（EC 为 57 毫克/毫升），但科罗内利-VRE 对 ABTS 自由基的活性较低（EC 为 134 毫克/毫升）。值得注意的是，25 μg/mL 时 UAE/WBE 提取的 Chemlal-VRE 促进正常食管 Het-1A 细胞系 24 小时；然而，食管癌细胞 Eca-109 被明显抑制，尤其是在 50 μg/mL 时；细胞活力显著下降。结果证实 WBE 是一种相对有效的方法，Chemlal 品种可能是毛蕊花糖苷的极好来源。
