Department of Dietetics and Bromatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
Diagnostics Laboratory for Teaching and Research, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
Nutrients. 2024 Aug 27;16(17):2873. doi: 10.3390/nu16172873.
Selenium is essential for the synthesis and function of various selenoenzymes, such as glutathione peroxidases, selenoprotein P, and thioredoxin reductase. These enzymes play a critical role in both antioxidant defense and in limiting oxidative damage. Numerous studies have reported associations between serum selenium concentration, obstetric complications and pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine whether the dietary intake of selenium, its serum concentration, and the activity of glutathione peroxidase in subsequent trimesters of pregnancy affect the birth condition of newborns. This was assessed based on the APGAR score in the 1st and 5th minute of life, birth weight, body length and head and chest circumference in both physiological and complicated pregnancy courses. Twenty-seven pregnant women, with a mean age of 29.6 ± 4.8 years from the Lower Silesia region of Poland, participated in the study. Fifty-five percent of the study group experienced pregnancy complications. The median reported selenium intake and serum selenium content for Polish pregnant women in the first trimester was 56.30 μg/day and 43.89 μg/L, respectively. These figures changed in the second trimester to 58.31 μg/day and 41.97 μg/L and in the third trimester to 55.60 μg/day and 41.90 μg/L. In the subgroup of pregnant women with a physiological pregnancy course, a weak, positive correlation was observed in the first trimester between Se intake and the length (R = 0.48, = 0.019) and the birth weight of newborns (R = 0.472, = 0.022). In the second trimester, a positive correlation was noted with the APGAR score at the 1st (R = 0.680, = 0.005) and 5th minutes (R = 0.55, = 0.033), and in the third trimester with the APGAR score at the 1st minute (R = 0.658, = 0.019). The glutathione peroxidase activity had a strong positive correlation with the APGAR score at the 1st min (R = 0.650, = 0.008) in the second trimester and with the birth weight of the newborns (R = 0.598, = 0.039) in the third trimester. No correlation was found between newborns' birth measurements and serum selenium concentration. In the subgroup of pregnant women with complications, a strong, negative correlation was found between Se intake in the second trimester and gestational age (R = -0.618, = 0.032). In the third trimester, a positive correlation was noted between Se concentration in serum and head circumference (R = 0.587, = 0.021). The results indicate that maternal selenium status during pregnancy, including dietary intake, serum concentration, and glutathione peroxidase activity, correlates with anthropometric parameters of the newborn, such as birth weight, length, and APGAR score, especially in pregnancies with a physiological course. However, these relationships diminish in importance when pregnancy complications occur.
硒对于各种硒酶，如谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、硒蛋白 P 和硫氧还蛋白还原酶的合成和功能至关重要。这些酶在抗氧化防御和限制氧化损伤方面都起着关键作用。许多研究报告了血清硒浓度、产科并发症和妊娠结局之间的关联。本研究旨在确定硒的膳食摄入量、其血清浓度以及妊娠后三个时期的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性是否会影响新生儿的出生情况。这是根据生命第 1 分钟和第 5 分钟的 APGAR 评分、出生体重、身体长度以及生理和复杂妊娠过程中的头围和胸围来评估的。来自波兰下西里西亚地区的 27 名平均年龄为 29.6 ± 4.8 岁的孕妇参与了这项研究。研究组中有 55%的孕妇经历了妊娠并发症。研究报告波兰孕妇在妊娠第一期的硒摄入量和血清硒含量中位数分别为 56.30 μg/天和 43.89 μg/L。在第二期，这一数字分别变为 58.31 μg/天和 41.97 μg/L，在第三期分别变为 55.60 μg/天和 41.90 μg/L。在生理妊娠过程的孕妇亚组中，第一期观察到硒摄入量与新生儿长度（R = 0.48， = 0.019）和出生体重（R = 0.472， = 0.022）之间存在微弱的正相关。在第二期，与第 1 分钟（R = 0.680， = 0.005）和第 5 分钟（R = 0.55， = 0.033）的 APGAR 评分呈正相关，在第三期与第 1 分钟的 APGAR 评分（R = 0.658， = 0.019）呈正相关。谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性与第二期第 1 分钟的 APGAR 评分（R = 0.650， = 0.008）和第三期新生儿出生体重（R = 0.598， = 0.039）之间存在很强的正相关。新生儿出生测量值与血清硒浓度之间无相关性。在有并发症的孕妇亚组中，第二期的硒摄入量与胎龄（R = -0.618， = 0.032）之间存在强烈的负相关。在第三期，血清硒浓度与头围（R = 0.587， = 0.021）之间呈正相关。结果表明，妊娠期间母体硒状态，包括膳食摄入量、血清浓度和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性，与新生儿的人体测量参数（如出生体重、长度和 APGAR 评分）相关，尤其是在生理妊娠过程中。然而，当发生妊娠并发症时，这些关系的重要性会降低。
