Neurogastroenterology & Motility Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, UK.
Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Liver Transplant, Queensland Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Centre of Children Nutrition Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
Nutrients. 2024 Sep 2;16(17):2955. doi: 10.3390/nu16172955.
Normal and optimal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract is paramount to ensure optimal nutrition through digestion, absorption and motility function. Disruptions in these functions can lead to adverse physiological symptoms, reduced quality of life and increased nutritional risk. When disruption or dysfunction of neuromuscular function occurs, motility disorders can be classified depending on whether coordination or strength/velocity of peristalsis are predominantly impacted. However, due to their nonspecific presenting symptoms and overlap with sensory disruption, they are frequently misdiagnosed as disorders of the gut-brain interaction. Motility disorders are a prevalent issue in the pediatric population, with management varying from medical therapy to psychological therapy, dietary manipulation, surgical intervention or a multimodal approach. This narrative review aims to discuss the dietary management of common pediatric motility disorders including gastroesophageal reflux, esophageal atresia, achalasia, gastroparesis, constipation, and the less common but most severe motility disorder, pediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction.
胃肠道的正常和最佳功能对于确保通过消化、吸收和运动功能获得最佳营养至关重要。这些功能的紊乱会导致不良的生理症状、生活质量下降和营养风险增加。当神经肌肉功能发生紊乱或功能障碍时，运动障碍可以根据蠕动的协调性或强度/速度是否受到主要影响来进行分类。然而，由于其非特异性的表现症状和与感觉障碍的重叠，它们经常被误诊为肠道-大脑相互作用的障碍。运动障碍在儿科人群中较为常见，其治疗方法从药物治疗到心理治疗、饮食控制、手术干预或多模式治疗都有涉及。本综述旨在讨论常见儿科运动障碍的饮食管理，包括胃食管反流、食管闭锁、贲门失弛缓症、胃轻瘫、便秘以及不太常见但最严重的运动障碍——小儿假性肠梗阻。
