Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Science and Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
Nutrients. 2024 Sep 3;16(17):2959. doi: 10.3390/nu16172959.
Dairy and soy products are healthy food. However, studies have reported conflicting results associating their intake with coronary heart disease (CHD). Thus, this study determined the association between intake of dairy or soy products and 10-year CHD risk. Participants aged 40~69 years were grouped into those who consumed dairy products (more or less than twice a week) and those who consumed soy products (more or less than twice a week). Ten-year CHD risk (%), atherogenic index (AI), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were calculated. The CHD risk, according to the level of dairy and soy product intake, was expressed as an odds ratio (OR) and a confidence interval (CI). Significant differences were observed in sex, age, education, income, and living area according to dairy intake frequencies, whereas only age showed significant differences according to soy products' intake frequencies. Relative effects of Framingham Risk Score (FRS) factors on 10-year CHD risk in Korean adults were found to be significant in the order of age, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), smoking, blood total cholesterol (TC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diabetes, and sex. Overall, participants who consumed dairy products ≥2/week had a significantly lower OR of 10-year CHD risk compared to those who consumed dairy products <2/week after adjusting for confounding factors (OR: 0.742, 95% CI: 0.619 to 0.890). Otherwise, intake of soy products ≥2/week tended to decrease the OR of 10-year CHD risk, although the decrease was not statistically significant. In conclusion, Korean adults who consumed dairy products ≥2/week had higher HDL-C and lower 10-year CHD risk than those who consumed dairy products <2/week. However, these results did not appear when consuming soy products.
乳制品和大豆制品是健康食品。然而，有研究报告称，其摄入量与冠心病（CHD）之间存在相互矛盾的结果。因此，本研究旨在确定乳制品或大豆制品的摄入量与 10 年 CHD 风险之间的关系。将年龄在 40~69 岁的参与者分为摄入乳制品（每周两次以上）和摄入大豆制品（每周两次以上）的人群。计算了 10 年 CHD 风险（%）、致动脉粥样硬化指数（AI）和血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数（AIP）。根据乳制品和大豆制品摄入量的水平，CHD 风险用比值比（OR）和置信区间（CI）表示。根据乳制品摄入量的不同，在性别、年龄、教育程度、收入和居住区域方面存在显著差异，而根据大豆制品的摄入量，只有年龄存在显著差异。在韩国成年人中，Framingham 风险评分（FRS）因素对 10 年 CHD 风险的相对影响按年龄、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、吸烟、总胆固醇（TC）、收缩压（SBP）、糖尿病和性别顺序显著。总体而言，在调整了混杂因素后，每周至少食用 2 次乳制品的参与者与每周食用 2 次以下乳制品的参与者相比，10 年 CHD 风险的 OR 显著降低（OR：0.742，95%CI：0.619 至 0.890）。然而，摄入大豆制品≥2/周可能会降低 10 年 CHD 风险的 OR，尽管这种降低没有统计学意义。总之，与每周食用乳制品<2 次的成年人相比，每周至少食用 2 次乳制品的韩国成年人的 HDL-C 更高，10 年 CHD 风险更低。然而，当摄入大豆制品时，并没有出现这些结果。
