Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
School of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
Food Res Int. 2024 Nov;195:114987. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114987. Epub 2024 Aug 25.
Rice plays an important role in the daily diet in China and therefore its quality and safety have been of great concern. However, few systematic studies have investigated Fusarium community and toxins in rice grains. Here, we collected 1381 rice samples from Jiangsu Province in eastern China and found a higher frequency of zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FBs), and beauvericin (BEA). The positive samples were individually contaminated with a minimum of one and a maximum of ten toxins. Fusarium was isolated and identified as the major fungus, which exhibited temporal and geographical distribution. The most prevalent species complexes within this genus were Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC), Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC), and Fusarium sambucinum species complex (FSAMSC). Nevertheless, the amplicon sequence analysis revealed a low relative abundance of Fusarium in the rice panicles, and the fungal community exhibited an irregular change along with the symptom's emergence. In vitro toxigenic profiles of Fusarium strains showed significant complexity and specificity depending on the type and content. FIESC strains were non-pathogenic to wheat heads and weakly pathogenic to maize ears, respectively, accumulating lower amounts of toxins than F. asiaticum and F. fujikuroi. There was no significant variation in the ability to cause panicle blight in rice among the various species tested. Our study provides detailed information about the contamination of Fusarium toxins and community in rice after harvest. This information is valuable for understanding the relationship between Fusarium and rice and for developing effective control strategies.
在中国，稻米是人们日常饮食的重要组成部分，因此其质量和安全一直备受关注。然而，目前针对稻米中镰刀菌群落和毒素的系统性研究较少。本研究采集了中国东部江苏省的 1381 份稻米样品，发现了较高频率的玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、伏马菌素（FBs）和 beauvericin（BEA）。阳性样本均至少单独污染了一种毒素，最多十种毒素。镰刀菌被鉴定为主要真菌，具有时间和地理分布特征。该属中最常见的种复合体是互隔交链孢霉-禾谷镰刀菌种复合体（FIESC）、玉蜀黍赤霉种复合体（FFSC）和串珠镰刀菌种复合体（FSAMSC）。然而，扩增子序列分析显示，稻穗中的镰刀菌相对丰度较低，真菌群落随着症状的出现呈现不规则变化。基于类型和含量，体外产毒特征分析显示，镰刀菌菌株表现出显著的复杂性和特异性。FIESC 菌株对小麦穗部无致病性，对玉米穗部弱致病性，积累的毒素量低于亚洲镰孢菌和玉蜀黍赤霉。不同种镰刀菌引起的稻穗枯白病能力在测试中没有显著差异。本研究提供了收获后稻米中镰刀菌毒素和群落污染的详细信息。这些信息对于了解镰刀菌与水稻的关系以及制定有效的防治策略具有重要价值。
