Salas-González María Dolores, Loria-Kohen Viviana, Peral-Suárez África, Trabado-Fernández Alfredo, González-Rodríguez Liliana Guadalupe
Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Grupo de Investigación VALORNUT-UCM (920030).
Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
Nutr Hosp. 2024 Sep 23;41(Spec No3):45-48. doi: 10.20960/nh.05457.
Obesity is a major public health challenge. In Spain the prevalence of excess of weight and obesity and is 56 % and 19 %, respectively, and it is linked to numerous preventable chronic diseases. Nutritional epidemiology focused on nutrients has evolved towards the study of dietary patterns that consider synergistic interactions between foods and nutrients. This study aims to investigate the relationship between obesity and its treatment by healthy dietary patterns. The Mediterranean diet and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), based on plant products, whole grains and low levels of salt, sugars and red meat, have been shown to promote weight loss and reduce comorbidities associated with obesity. Although vegetarian and vegan diets are adequate options for disease management and prevention, they require planning to avoid nutritional deficiencies. In conclusion, healthy dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, DASH and vegetarian options are effective in both the prevention and treatment of obesity, highlighting the importance of considering the synergy between foods and nutrients in the management of this health condition.
肥胖是一项重大的公共卫生挑战。在西班牙，超重和肥胖的患病率分别为56%和19%，并且它与众多可预防的慢性疾病相关。专注于营养素的营养流行病学已朝着研究饮食模式发展，这种饮食模式考虑了食物与营养素之间的协同相互作用。本研究旨在调查肥胖及其通过健康饮食模式进行治疗之间的关系。基于植物性产品、全谷物以及低盐、低糖和低红肉摄入的地中海饮食和得舒饮食（DASH）已被证明可促进体重减轻并降低与肥胖相关的合并症。尽管素食和纯素饮食是疾病管理和预防的合适选择，但它们需要进行规划以避免营养缺乏。总之，诸如地中海饮食、得舒饮食和素食选择等健康饮食模式在肥胖的预防和治疗方面均有效，这凸显了在管理这种健康状况时考虑食物与营养素之间协同作用的重要性。
